Kniha Levitikus

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Lv 17, 1-16

1 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 Speak to Aaron and his sons, and to all the sons of Israel, saying to them: This is the word, which the Lord has commanded, saying: 3 Any man at all of the house of Israel, if he will have killed an ox, or a sheep, or a goat in the camp or beyond the camp, 4 and not have presented it as an oblation to the Lord at the door of the tabernacle, he shall be guilty of blood. It is just as if he had shed blood; so then, he shall perish from the midst of his people. 5 Therefore, the sons of Israel must offer to the priest their victims, which they kill in the field, so that they may be sanctified to the Lord before the door of the tabernacle of the testimony, and so that they may immolate them as peace offerings to the Lord. 6 And the priest shall pour the blood upon the altar of the Lord, at the door of the tabernacle of the testimony, and he shall burn the fat as a sweet odor to the Lord. 7 And they shall no longer immolate their victims to demons, with whom they have committed fornication. It shall be an everlasting ordinance for them and for their posterity. 8 And you shall say to them: The man of the house of Israel, or of the newcomers who sojourn with you, who offers a holocaust or a victim, 9 and who does not bring it to the door of the tabernacle of the testimony, so that it may be offered to the Lord, shall pass away from his people. 10 Any man at all of the house of Israel, or of the newcomers who sojourn among them, if he has eaten blood, I will harden my face against his soul, and I will drive him from his people. 11 For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you, so that you may atone with it upon the altar for your souls, and so that the blood may be for an expiation of the soul. 12 For this reason, I have said to the sons of Israel: No soul among you shall eat blood, nor among the newcomers who sojourn with you. 13 Any man at all from the sons of Israel, or from the newcomers who sojourn with you, whether by hunting or bird-catching, if he seizes a wild beast or a bird, which is lawful to eat, let him pour out its blood and cover the earth with it. 14 For the life of all flesh is in the blood. Therefore, I said to the sons of Israel: You shall not eat the blood of any flesh at all, because the life of the flesh is in the blood, and whoever has eaten it shall perish. 15 The soul who eats what has died on its own, or what has been caught by a beast, whether he is native born or a newcomer, shall wash his clothes and himself with water, and he shall be contaminated until evening. And by this means he shall be made clean. 16 But if he will not wash his clothes and his body, he shall bear his iniquity.

Verš 10

Any man at all of the house of Israel, or of the newcomers who sojourn among them, if he has eaten blood, I will harden my face against his soul, and I will drive him from his people.

Gn 9:4 - except that flesh with blood you shall not eat.

Lv 3:17 - by a perpetual law, in your generations and in all of your habitations, neither blood nor fat shall you eat at all.

Lv 7:27 - Every soul that will have eaten blood shall perish from his people.

Lv 19:26 - You shall not eat with blood. You shall not practice divination, nor the observation of dreams.

Dt 12:16 - Only the blood you shall not eat. Instead, you shall pour it upon the ground like water.

Dt 12:23 - Only beware of this: you may not eat the blood. For their blood is for the soul. And because of this, you must not eat the soul with the flesh.

1Sam 14:33 - Then they reported to Saul, saying that the people had sinned against the Lord, eating with blood. And he said: “You have transgressed. Roll a great stone to me, here and now.”

Verš 14

For the life of all flesh is in the blood. Therefore, I said to the sons of Israel: You shall not eat the blood of any flesh at all, because the life of the flesh is in the blood, and whoever has eaten it shall perish.

Gn 9:4 - except that flesh with blood you shall not eat.

Verš 6

And the priest shall pour the blood upon the altar of the Lord, at the door of the tabernacle of the testimony, and he shall burn the fat as a sweet odor to the Lord.

Ex 29:18 - And you shall offer the entire ram as a burnt offering upon the altar. It is an oblation to the Lord, a most sweet odor of the victim of the Lord.

Lv 4:31 - But taking away all the fat, just as it is usually taken away from the victims of peace offerings, he shall burn it upon the altar as a sweet odor to the Lord. And he shall pray for him, and he shall be released from it.

Verš 15

The soul who eats what has died on its own, or what has been caught by a beast, whether he is native born or a newcomer, shall wash his clothes and himself with water, and he shall be contaminated until evening. And by this means he shall be made clean.

Ex 22:31 - You shall be holy men for me. The flesh, from which beasts will have tasted, you shall not eat, but you will throw it to the dogs.”

Lv 11:40 - And whoever will have eaten or carried anything of these shall wash his clothes, and he shall be unclean until evening.

Ez 44:31 - The priests shall not consume anything which has died on its own, or which was seized by a beast, whether from the fowl or the cattle.”

Lv 17,1 - V tejto hlave uvádzajú sa predpisy o zabíjaní zvierat, určených na súkromnú spotrebu. Lenže predpisy sa týkajú iba takých zvierat, ktoré by sa mohli aj obetovať, teda zvierat čistých a bezchybných. Chybné zvieratá mohli sa zabíjať kdekoľvek. Miesto zabíjania sa určuje v stánkovom nádvorí, a to na celý čas putovania po púšti. Dôvodom tohto sústredenia bolo, aby Izraeliti neobetovali "viac kozím besom" (v. 7), démonom, ktorí vládli púšťou. Aj podľa Joz 24,18. Izraeliti za cesty púšťou boli naklonení k modloslužbe. A takto, keď každé zviera, ktoré sa mohlo obetovať prípadne aj modlám, muselo sa zabíjať na severnej strane oltára celostných žertiev, odnímala sa nielen príležitosť, ale aj možnosť súkromne obetovať démonom. Tento zákon sa mohol zachovávať len vtedy, keď Izraeliti bývali akosi spolu, teda len na púšti, keď sa zhromažďovali okolo svätostánku. Neskoršie sa tento zákon zrušil (Dt 12,6.7.11.12.15).

Lv 17,7 - S ktorými ste smilnili, porov. Ex 34,16. Úcta k modlám sa považuje za spreneveru voči Pánovi. Vzťah Boha k Izraelu v Písme symbolicky sa vyjadruje akoby manželskou zmluvou. Preto nevernosť voči Pánovi považuje sa za manželskú neveru.

Lv 17,10 - Krv, ako podstatná podmienka života a prejav života, patrí výlučne Bohu, Pánovi života. Zákaz jesť krv bol daný už Gn 9,4 a opakuje sa veľmi často (Lv 3,17; 7,26.27; 19,26; Dt 12,16.23; 15,23). "Duša živočícha je v krvi", čiže krv je podmienkou živočíšneho života, pretože bez krvi niet vo zvieratách života, a zviera, keď stratí krv, stratí pohyb a život. Boh si však vyhradil krv pre seba; ľudia môžu krv zabitých zvierat len vylievať k oltáru, aby ňou zmierili Boha za prečiny, ktoré by mali zmyť svojou vlastnou krvou.

Lv 17,13 - Boh, Pán života, vyhradzuje si krv nielen tých zvierat, čo sa prinášajú na obetu, ale aj krv všetkých zvierat vôbec. Krv sa musí vyliať na zem, aby sa nezneužila a neznesvätila.

Lv 17,14 - Bude vyhubený, vylúčený, vyobcovaný z pospolitosti Izraela (Gn 17,14; v. 4.9.10).