Kniha proroka Izaiáša

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Iz 7, 1-25

1 And it happened in the days of Ahaz, the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, the king of Judah, that Rezin, the king of Syria, and Pekah, the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, ascended to Jerusalem to battle against it. But they were not able to defeat it. 2 And they reported to the house of David, saying: “Syria has withdrawn to Ephraim.” And his heart was shaken, with the heart of his people, just as the trees of the forest are moved by the face of the wind. 3 And the Lord said to Isaiah: Go out to meet Ahaz, you and your son, Jashub, who was left behind, to the end of the aqueduct, at the upper pool, on the road to the fuller’s field. 4 And you shall say to him: “See to it that you are silent. Do not be afraid. And have no dread in your heart over the two tails of these firebrands, nearly extinguished, which are the wrath of the fury of Rezin, king of Syria, and of the son of Remaliah.” 5 For Syria has undertaken a plan against you, with the evil of Ephraim and the son of Remaliah, saying: 6 “Let us ascend to Judah, and stir it up, and tear it away for ourselves, and appoint the son of Tabeel as a king in its midst.” 7 Thus says the Lord God: This shall not stand, and this shall not be. 8 For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within sixty-five years from now, Ephraim will cease to be a people. 9 For the head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is the son of Remaliah. If you will not believe, you will not continue. 10 And the Lord spoke further to Ahaz, saying: 11 Ask for a sign for yourself from the Lord your God, from the depths below, even to the heights above. 12 And Ahaz said, “I will not ask, for I will not tempt the Lord.” 13 And he said: “Then listen, O house of David. Is it such a small thing for you to trouble men, that you must also trouble my God? 14 For this reason, the Lord himself will grant to you a sign. Behold, a virgin will conceive, and she will give birth to a son, and his name will be called Immanuel. 15 He will eat butter and honey, so that he may know to reject evil and to choose good. 16 But even before the boy knows to refuse evil and to choose good, the land that you detest will be abandoned by the face of her two kings. 17 The Lord will lead over you, and over your people, and over the house of your father, such days as have not occurred since the days of the separation of Ephraim from Judah by the king of the Assyrians. 18 And this shall be in that day: the Lord will call for the fly, which is in the most distant parts of the rivers of Egypt, and for the swarm, which is in the land of Assur. 19 And they will arrive, and they all will rest in the torrents of the valleys, and in the caverns of the rocks, and in every thicket, and in every opening. 20 In that day, the Lord will shave with a razor the ones hired by those who are across the river, by the king of the Assyrians, from the head to the hairs of the feet, with the entire beard. 21 And this shall be in that day: a man will raise a cow among oxen, and two sheep, 22 and, instead of an abundance of milk, he will eat butter. For all who are left behind in the midst of the land will eat butter and honey. 23 And this shall be in that day: every place, where there were a thousand grapevines worth a thousand pieces of silver, will become thorns and briers. 24 They will enter such places with arrows and bows. For briers and thorns will be throughout the entire land. 25 But as for all the mountains, which will be dug with a hoe, the terror of thorns and briers will not approach those places. And there will be pasture land for oxen, and a range for cattle.”

Verš 1

And it happened in the days of Ahaz, the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, the king of Judah, that Rezin, the king of Syria, and Pekah, the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, ascended to Jerusalem to battle against it. But they were not able to defeat it.

2Kr 16:5 - Then Rezin, the king of Syria, and Pekah, the son of Remaliah, the king of Israel, ascended to do battle against Jerusalem. And they besieged Ahaz, but they were not able to overcome him.

2Krn 28:5 - And so the Lord, his God, delivered him into the hand of the king of Syria, who struck him and took great plunder from his kingdom. And he carried it away to Damascus. Also, he was delivered into the hands of the king of Israel, and he struck him with great affliction.

Verš 14

For this reason, the Lord himself will grant to you a sign. Behold, a virgin will conceive, and she will give birth to a son, and his name will be called Immanuel.

Mt 1:23 - “Behold, a virgin shall conceive in her womb, and she shall give birth to a son. And they shall call his name Emmanuel, which means: God is with us.”

Lk 1:31 - Behold, you shall conceive in your womb, and you shall bear a son, and you shall call his name: JESUS.

Verš 23

And this shall be in that day: every place, where there were a thousand grapevines worth a thousand pieces of silver, will become thorns and briers.

Lv 26:22 - And I will send upon you the wild beasts of the field, which will consume you and your cattle, and which will reduce everything to paucity, and cause your roadways to become desolate.

Iz 7,1 - Prorocké reči (hl. 7 – 12) pochádzajú z doby spohanšteného kráľa Achaza. Vynikajú v nich proroctvá o Mesiášovi, ktorý sa tu volá Emanuel, preto možno túto časť nazvať knihou o Emanuelovi. Nikde inde vo Svätom písme sa Mesiáš nevolá Emanuel. – V hl. 7. hovorí o sebe Izaiáš v osobe tretej.

Iz 7,1 - O tejto vojne pozri úvod a porov. 2 Kr 15,37. Achaz hľadal pomoc u asýrskeho kráľa Tiglatpilésara III. (2 Kr 16,7 n.).

Iz 7,2 - Dom Dávidov je dom Dávidovho potomka Achaza, ktorému oznámili, že sa aramejské vojsko spojilo proti nemu s vojskom izraelským a táborí už na území Severnej ríše, zvanej aj Efraimskou ríšou.

Iz 7,3 - Dnes už nevieme, na ktorej strane Jeruzalema bol tento Horný rybník. Horným ho volali preto, lebo v Jeruzaleme bol aj Dolný rybník (pozri 22,9). – I meno Izaiáša ("Pán spasí"), i meno Šeárjášúba ("zvyšky sa obrátia") sú mená symbolické.

Iz 7,4 - Nepriateľskí králi sú blízko zániku, sú ako dohárajúce hlavne, ktoré síce nepríjemne dymia, ale škodiť už nemôžu.

Iz 7,6 - Syn Tábelov je nám ináč neznámy.

Iz 7,8 - Rozumej: Ani Aramejsko, ani Efraimsko nerozšíri svoje územie, ich králi ostanú len v doterajších svojich sídlach: v Damasku a Samárii. Tu spomínaných 65 rokov uplynulo r. 670 pr. Kr., keď asýrsky kráľ Asarhadon (Asarhaddon) osadil na územie bývalej Izraelskej ríše cudzie národy, s ktorými sa zvyšky Izraelitov zmiešali, a tak Efraim prestal byť svojráznym národom.

Iz 7,10 - Spohanštenému, ale jednako len právoplatnému kráľovi vyvoleného národa, Achazovi, núka Boh zázrak. Ale Achaz nechce opustiť modly a nechce sa vzdať asýrskeho spojenectva, preto s výhovorkou odmieta zázrak.

Iz 7,14 - Aj napriek tomu, že Achaz odmietol, Boh dá znamenie, lenže pre kráľa to už nebude znamením záchrany, tú Boh sľúbil len podmienečne: "Ak neuveríte, veru neobstojíte" (verš 9). Achaz nechcel veriť, preto za trest spustošia jeho krajinu práve tí Asýri, ktorých si volá na pomoc. To spustošenie bude súčasne aj znamením, lebo Boh mu ho oznamuje vopred. Splní sa to ešte za života Achazovho a kráľ bude mať takto dôkaz moci a Božej vševediacnosti. Bude to však hneď aj zárukou, že sa splní aj proroctvo dané do ďalekej budúcnosti o počatí a narodení Mesiáša: "Hľa, panna počne a porodí syna!" Pôvodina má doslovne: "Hľa, panna tehotná a rodí syna!" Izaiáš prorockým zrakom vidí pannu, ktorá, hoci počala, ba aj porodila, ostáva pannou. A keďže svojho syna doniesla na svet bez ľudského otca, dáva mu meno Emanuel, po slovensky "Boh s nami". Vlastné mená spojené s Božím menom bývali u Izraelitov veľmi časté, ba užívali aj meno Ježiš. Jedine meno Emanuel sa okrem hl. 7 a 8 knihy Izaiášovej nikde inde vo Svätom písme nevyskytuje; okrem Mesiáša nik sa nevolá Emanuel. Emanuel bude teda zvláštnou, nad všetkých vynikajúcou osobnosťou. Nesporne o tomto dieťati, o Emanuelovi, je reč aj v 8,8–10 a v hl. 9 a 11. Na týchto miestach sa však tomuto dieťaťu pripisujú také vlastnosti a píšu sa o ňom také veci, ktoré sa na nikoho iného nemôžu vzťahovať, len na Mesiáša. Emanuel je teda Mesiáš a v dôsledku toho panna, o ktorej je tu reč, môže byť len matkou Mesiášovou. I najstaršie preklady Biblie dosvedčujú, že Izaiáš tu hovorí o panne a kresťanstvo, počnúc už Evanjeliom sv. Matúša (1,23), plným právom vidí v tejto panne panenskú matku Emanuela-Mesiáša, Preblahoslavenú Pannu Máriu. Jej panenské počatie a jej panenský pôrod má byť tým veľkým zázrakom, ktorým Boh dokáže, že vie svojich oslobodiť aj bez pomoci iných. Veď sám Osloboditeľ sveta sa počal bez prispenia muža, z Ducha Svätého, panensky.

Iz 7,15 - Mlieko (Vulg číta: maslo) a med býva vo Svätom písme znakom úrodnosti zeme. Tu naopak z verša 22 vidieť, že mlieko a med budú ľudia požívať pre nedostatok iných pokrmov, sú teda znakom chudoby.

Iz 7,16 - Ešte pred príchodom Mesiáša zahynie Aramejsko a Efraimsko, potom bude spustošené aj Júdsko. Prorok však nehovorí, že Mesiáš príde hneď po tomto spustošení.

Iz 7,18 - Egypt sa volá muchou, lebo na okolí Nílu v Egypte je množstvo múch. Asýrsko je včela, preto aj nebezpečnejší nepriateľ.

Iz 7,20 - Asýri vyplienia krajinu a pozbavia ju všetkej krásy, ako britva pozbavuje mužovo telo všetkej ozdoby.