Kniha proroka Daniela

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Dan 11, 1-45

1 “And so, from the first year of Darius the Mede, I stood firm, so that he might be reinforced and strengthened. 2 And now I will announce to you the truth. Behold, up to a certain point, three kings will stand in Persia, and the fourth will be exceedingly enriched in power above them all. And when he has grown strong by his resources, he will stir up all against the kingdom of Greece. 3 But there will rise up a strong king, and he will rule with great power, and he will do what he pleases. 4 And when he has been firmly established, his kingdom will be shattered and will be divided towards the four winds of the heaven, but not to his posterity, nor according to his power with which he ruled. For his kingdom will be torn to pieces, even for the outsiders who have been expelled from these. 5 And the king of the South will be reinforced, yet one of his leaders will prevail over him, and he will rule with riches, for great is his domain. 6 And after the end of years, they will form a federation, and the daughter of the king of the South will come to the king of the North to make friendship, but she will not obtain the strength of arms, neither will her offspring stand firm, and she will be handed over, along with those who brought her, her young men, and those who comforted her in these times. 7 And a transplant from the germination of her roots will stand up, and he will come with an army, and will enter into the province of the king of the North, and he will abuse them, and will hold it fast. 8 And, in addition, he will carry away captive into Egypt their gods, and their graven images, and likewise their precious vessels of gold and silver. He will prevail against the king of the North. 9 And the king of the South will enter into the kingdom, and will return to his own land. 10 But his sons will be challenged, and they will assemble a multitude of very many forces. And he will arrive rushing and overflowing. And he will be turned back, and he will be enraged, and he will join the battle in his redness. 11 And the king of the South, having being challenged, will go forth and will fight against the king of the North, and he will prepare an exceedingly great multitude, and a multitude will be given into his hand. 12 And he will seize a multitude, and his heart will be exalted, and he will cast down many thousands, but he will not prevail. 13 For the king of the North will change 506 strategy and will prepare a multitude much greater than before, and at the end of times and years, he will rush forward with a great army and exceedingly great resources. 14 And in those times, many will rise up against the king of the South. And likewise the sons of the deceivers among your people will extol themselves, so as to fulfill the vision, and they will collapse. 15 And the king of the North will arrive and will transport siege works, and he will seize the most fortified cities. And the arms of the South will not withstand him, and his elect will rise up to resist, but the strength will not. 16 And when he arrives, he will do just as he pleases, and there will be none who stand against his face. And he will stand in the illustrious land, and it will be consumed by his hand. 17 And he will set his face to strive to hold his entire kingdom, and he will make fair conditions with him. And he will give him a daughter among women, so as to overthrow it. But she will not stand, neither will she be for him. 18 And he will turn his face towards the islands, and he will seize many. And he will cause the leader of his reproach to cease, and his reproach will be turned around for him. 19 And he will turn his face to the empire of his own land, and he will strike, and will overthrow, but he will not succeed. 20 And there will stand up in his place one who is most worthless and unworthy of kingly honor. And in a short time, he will be worn out, but not in fury, nor in battle. 21 And there will stand up in his place the despicable one, and he will not be assigned the honor of a king. And he will arrive in secret, and he will obtain the kingdom by deceitfulness. 22 And the arms of the fighting will be assaulted before his face and will be shattered, and, in addition, the leader of the federation. 23 And, after making friends, he will trick him, and he will go up and will overcome with a small people. 24 And he will enter into rich and resourceful cities, and he will do what his fathers never did, nor his fathers’ fathers. He will scatter their spoils, and their prey, and their riches, and will form a plan against the most steadfast, and this until a time. 25 And his strength and his heart will be enraged against the king of the South with a great army. And the king of the South will be provoked into going to war by having many allies and exceedingly good circumstances, and yet these will not stand, for they will form plans against him. 26 And those who eat bread with him will crush him, and his army will be suppressed, and very many will die, having been executed. 27 And the heart of two kings will be similar, to do harm, and they will speak lies at one table, but they will not succeed, because as yet the end is for another time. 28 And he will return to his land with many resources. And his heart will be against the holy testament, and he will act, and he will return to his own land. 29 At the appointed time, he will return, and he will approach the South, but the latter time will not be like the former. 30 And the Greek warships and the Romans will come upon him, and he will be pierced, and will retreat, and will have scorn against the testament of the sanctuary, and he will act. And he will return and will consult their adversaries, who have forsaken the covenant of the sanctuary. 31 And arms will take his side, and they will pollute the sanctuary of the strength, and they will take away the continual sacrifice and will replace it with the abomination of desolation. 32 And the impious within the testament will imitate deceitfully, but the people, knowing their God, will persevere and will act. 33 And the teachers among the people will teach many, but they will be ruined by the sword, and by fire, and by captivity, and by assaults for many days. 34 And when they have fallen, they will be supported with a little help, but many will apply to them deceitfully. 35 And some of the learned will be ruined, that they may be kindled and chosen and purified, up to the predetermined time, because there will be still another time. 36 And the king will act according to his will, and he will be lifted up and will be extolled against every god. And he will speak great things against the God of gods, and he will control, until the passion is completed. Once accomplished, the limit is reached with certainty. 37 And he will give no thought to the God of his fathers, and he will be in the desire of women, and he will not attend to any gods, because he will rise up against all things. 38 But he will do homage to the god Maozim in his place, and, a god whom his fathers did not know, he will worship with gold, and silver, and precious stones, and costly things. 39 And he will act to reinforce Maozim with an alien god, of whom he has become aware, and he will increase their glory, and will give them power over many, and he will distribute land for free. 40 And, at the predetermined time, the king of the South will fight against him, and the king of the North will come against him like a tempest, with chariots, and with horsemen, and with a great fleet, and he will enter into the lands, and will crush and pass through. 41 And he will enter into the glorious land, and many will fall. But only these will be saved from his hand: Edom, and Moab, and the first part of the sons of Ammon. 42 And he will cast his hand upon the lands, and the land of Egypt will not escape. 43 And he will rule over the treasure chests of gold, and silver, and all the precious things of Egypt, and likewise he will pass through Libya and Ethiopia. 44 And rumors from the East and from the North will trouble him. And he will arrive with a great multitude to destroy and to execute many. 45 And he will fasten his tabernacle, Apadno, between the seas, upon an illustrious and holy mountain, and he will come even to its summit, and no one will help him.”

Verš 36

And the king will act according to his will, and he will be lifted up and will be extolled against every god. And he will speak great things against the God of gods, and he will control, until the passion is completed. Once accomplished, the limit is reached with certainty.

Dan 7:25 - And he will speak words against the Supreme One, and will exhaust the holy ones of the Most High, and he will think about what it would take to change the times and the laws, and they will be given into his hand until a time, and times, and half a time.

Dan 11,2 - Traja perzskí králi sú: Kýros (538–529), Kambyses (529–522), Darius I. Hystaspes (522–485). Samozvanca Pseudo-Smerdisa, ktorý v r. 522 panoval 7 mesiacov, neráta. Štvrtý kráľ je Xerxes (485–465), ktorého bohatstvo aj svetskí dejepisci opisujú sýtymi farbami a o ktorom je známe, že naozaj podnikol všetko proti Grékom. Toto bola prvá zrážka Peržanov s Grékmi. Ďalších perzských kráľov anjel nespomína, ale prechádza hneď na úplné víťazstvo Grékov a uvádza Alexandra Veľkého.

Dan 11,4 - Zmysel: Kráľovstvá, ktoré vzniknú z Ríše Alexandra, nebudú také, ako bola jeho ríša, a nebudú v nich vládnuť Alexandrovi potomci, ale cudzí. – Vláda Alexandra Veľkého v Ázii trvala naozaj krátko – len 11 rokov (334–323 pr. Kr.).

Dan 11,5 - V nasledujúcich veršoch hovorí videnie o machabejských časoch. Z nástupcov Alexandra Veľkého (pozri pozn. k 7,6) spomína len tých dvoch, ktorí prichádzali do styku s Izraelitmi a bojovali medzi sebou o Palestínu; sú to kráľ juhu, to jest Egypta, a kráľ severu, kráľ Sýrie a Babylonu. Ku kráľovi Egypta, Ptolemeovi Lagimu, prišiel Seleukus Nikátor, ktorý bol satrapom Babylonu, ale musel ujsť pred Antigonom. Stal sa Ptolemeovým vojvodcom. Roku 312 sa mu však znovu podarilo dobyť Babylon, kde potom vládol ako samostatný kráľ. Jeho kráľovstvo tiahlo sa od Frýgie až po rieku Indus; bol teda naozaj mocnejší než jeho bývalý ochranca Ptolemeus.

Dan 11,6 - V ďalších pokoleniach týchto dvoch rodov bol to Ptolemeus II. Filadelfos (285–246), ktorý, chcejúc urobiť koniec nepriateľstvám, dal svoju dcéru Bereniku za manželku Antiochovi Teosovi (Theosof; 261–246). Tento mal s predošlou manželkou Laodikou dvoch synov, Seleuka, prímením Kalinikos (Kallinikos), a Antiocha. Laodika sa neskoršie zasa dostala k vplyvu u manžela, ale bála sa, že jej vplyv nepotrvá dlho, preto dala manžela otráviť, Bereniku a jej synov zabiť a kráľom urobila svojho staršieho syna Seleuka Kalinika (246–226). "Ramenom" sa v tomto verši rozumie egyptská pomoc. Spomenuté manželstvo nepomohlo teda ani Antiochovi Teosovi, ani Berenike, ani Ptolemeovi, ktorý dúfal, že v Sýrii bude kráľom Berenikin syn, a tak že sa i tá ríša dostane Ptolemeovcom.

Dan 11,7-9 - Brat Bereniky Ptolemeus III. Euergetes (246–221), teda muž z toho istého koreňa, čo ona, podnikol odplatnú výpravu proti Seleukovi Kalinikovi a zmocnil sa niektorých jeho území. O dva roky neskoršie, okolo r. 240, pokúsil sa Kalinikos striasť egyptské jarmo, zaútočil na Egypt, ale vrátil sa s nezdarom.

Dan 11,10-13 - Kalinikovi synovia, Seleukos (Seleukus či Seleuk III. Keraunos 226–223) a Antiochus III. Veľký (223–187), chceli pomstiť otcovu porážku. Antiochus skutočne viedol vojnu proti Ptolemeovi IV. Filopatorovi (221–204); no tento ho porazil pri Rafii, juhozápadne od Gazy r. 217. Ale nevedel využiť víťazstvo, preto po trinástich rokoch Antiochus znovu podnikol výpravu proti Egyptu, kde vtedy už bol kráľom Filopatrov syn Ptolemeus V. Epifanes.

Dan 11,14 - I mnohí Židia postavia sa proti kráľovi Egypta a dajú sa do služieb sýrskeho kráľa. Tak pripravia cestu, že Antiochus IV. Epifanes (175–164) bude môcť prenasledovať ich národ, a tak sa splní videnie, ktoré má prorok o tomto prenasledovaní.

Dan 11,15 - Splnilo sa to asi vtedy, keď r. 198 Antiochus III. blízko prameňov Jordána premohol egyptského vojvodcu Skopasa, ktorý sa utiahol do Sidonu, musel sa však Antiochovi poddať. Antiochus sa takto zmocní aj Palestíny; porov. pozn. k 8,9 o "nádhernej zemi".

Dan 11,17 - Pokus kráľa severu zmocniť sa Egypta prostredníctvom akéhosi manželstva sa nepodarí. Je to azda manželstvo jeho dcéry Kleopatry, ktorú v r. 193 vydá za Ptolemea V. Výraz "dcéra žien" je nejasný. Podľa niektorých by mohol znamenať krásavicu, podľa iných mladučké dievča. Kleopatra bola s Ptolemeom V. zasnúbená už r. 198.

Dan 11,18-20 - Veľmož je rímsky konzul Lucius Scipio, ktorý Antiocha III. porazil v bitke pri Magnézii r. 190. Antiochus ostal i potom vo svojom kráľovstve. Jeho nástupca Seleukus IV. Filopator (187–175) poslal do Jeruzalema Heliodora, aby vyplienil chrám (porov. 2 Mach 3, 7–40). Krátko po tomto pokuse usmrtil ho ten istý Heliodor.

Dan 11,21 - Po smrti Seleuka IV. patril trón jeho synovi Demetriovi. Ale brat Seleukov, Antiochus IV. Epifanes, človek pre svoju povahu opovrhovaný, zmocnil sa kráľovstva lsťou a pomocou Eumena, kráľa Pergamu.

Dan 11,22-24 - "Knieža zmluvy" je podľa niektorých Oniáš III., veľkňaz, lebo bol predstaviteľom národa, ktorý mal zmluvu s Bohom. Tohto Antiochus IV. pre nástrahy brata Jasona najprv pozbavil veľkňazského úradu, potom ho dal zavraždiť (2 Mach 4,7–10). Podľa iných by to bol egyptský kráľ Ptolemeus VI. Filometor (180–145), ktorý uzavrel s Antiochom IV. zmluvu. Ale Antiochus pod zámienkou priateľstva prišiel do Egypta a s malým vojskom sa zmocnil celej krajiny. Poklady, ktoré pritom nahrabal, rozdal svojim prívržencom.

Dan 11,27 - Keby sa Antiochus bol vedel vyrovnať s Egyptom, hneď by bol začal prenasledovať Izraelitov. No Božia prozreteľnosť to ešte oddialila. "Koniec" je prenasledovanie Izraelitov.

Dan 11,28 - "Svätá zmluva" je vyvolený národ. Čo proti nemu podnikol Antiochus, keď sa vracal z Egypta, čítaj 1 Mach 1,20–24; 2 Mach 5,11–22.

Dan 11,29 - Ďalšia výprava Antiocha IV. do Egypta skončila sa nezdarom. O Kitejcoch pozri pozn. k Jer 2,10; porov. Iz 23,1. Miesto "kitijské lode" číta Vulg "lode a Rimania". To, pravda, až po splnení bolo zrejmé, že aj hrozivý postoj rímskeho senátu donútil Antiocha opustiť Egypt. Zlosť chce vyliať na Izraelitoch, preto hľadá medzi nimi zradcov, na ktorých sa môže opierať.

Dan 11,31 - "Ramená" sú vojenské oddiely. – Jeruzalemský chrám bol stavaný na spôsob pevnosti. – O ohavnostiach, ktoré sa páchali v chráme, čítaj v 1 Mach 1,57–62.

Dan 11,35 - Kým príde koniec utrpenia, musí sa národ zbaviť hriechu.

Dan 11,36 - Antiochus bude mať úspech, len kým trvá Boží hnev proti Izraelitom.

Dan 11,37-39 - Miláčik žien bol boh Tamuz, pozri pozn. k Ez 8,14. – Po svojich otcoch zdedil Antiochus azda kult Apolóna (Apollo). Tento je vyobrazený na jeho skorších peniazoch. Neskoršie jeho peniaze už vyobrazujú Jupitera, ktorého kult chcel násilím zaviesť v celej svojej ríši. Boh pevností je azda Jupiter Capitolinus. – Kráľovskú priazeň preukáže Antiochus len tým, čo uznajú Jupitera.

Dan 11,41 - Nepriateľom Izraelitov, Edomčanom, Moabčanom a Amončanom, dá Antiochus milosť.

Dan 11,43 - O Líbyjcoch pozri 2 Krn 12,3; Jer 46,9.

Dan 11,44 - Boli to chýry o vzbure Partov a Arméncov. Proti týmto viedol ku koncu svojho života vojenskú výpravu. V Perzii sa dopočul o porážkach svojho vojska v Palestíne, chce sa preto vrátiť a svoj stan postaviť medzi Mŕtvym a Stredozemným morom, na Sione, a potrestať Izraelitov, ale smrť mu to prekazí.