Kniha Sudcov

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Sdc 1, 1-36

1 After the death of Joshua, the sons of Israel consulted the Lord, saying, “Who will ascend before us, against the Canaanite, and who will be the commander of the war?” 2 And the Lord said: “Judah shall ascend. Behold, I have delivered the land into his hands.” 3 And Judah said to his brother Simeon, “Go up with me to my lot, and fight against the Canaanite, so that I also may go forth with you to your lot.” And Simeon went with him. 4 And Judah went up, and the Lord delivered the Canaanite, as well as the Perizzite, into their hands. And they struck down ten thousand of the men at Bezek. 5 And they found Adonibezek at Bezek, and they fought against him, and they struck down the Canaanite and the Perizzite. 6 Then Adonibezek fled. And they pursued him and captured him, and they cut off the ends of his hands and feet. 7 And Adonibezek said: “Seventy kings, with the ends of their hands and feet amputated, have been gathering the remnants of food under my table. Just as I have done, so has God repaid me.” And they brought him to Jerusalem, and he died there. 8 Then the sons of Judah, besieging Jerusalem, seized it. And they struck it with edge of the sword, delivering the entire city to be burned. 9 And afterward, descending, they fought against the Canaanites who were living in the mountains, and in the south, and in the plains. 10 And Judah, going forth against the Canaanites who were living at Hebron, (the name of which from antiquity was Kiriath-Arba) struck down Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai. 11 And continuing on from there, he went to the inhabitants of Debir, the old name of which was Kiriath-Sepher, that is, the City of Letters. 12 And Caleb said, “Whoever will strike Kiriath-Sepher, and will lay waste to it, I will give to him my daughter Achsah as wife.” 13 And when Othniel, the son of Kenaz, a younger brother of Caleb, had seized it, he gave his daughter Achsah to him in marriage. 14 And as she was traveling on a journey, her husband admonished her, so that she would request a field from her father. And since she had sighed while sitting on her donkey, Caleb said to her, “What is it?” 15 But she responded: “Give a blessing to me. For you have given me a dry land. Also give a watered land.” Therefore, Caleb gave to her the upper watered land and the lower watered land. 16 Now the sons of the Kenite, the relative of Moses, ascended from the City of Palms, with the sons of Judah, into the wilderness of his lot, which is toward the south of Arad. And they lived with him. 17 Then Judah went out with his brother Simeon, and together they struck the Canaanites who were living at Zephath, and they put them to death. And the name of the city was called Hormah, that is, Anathema. 18 And Judah seized Gaza, with its parts, and Ashkelon as well as Ekron, with their borders. 19 And the Lord was with Judah, and he possessed the mountains. But he was not able to wipe out the inhabitants of the valley. For they abounded with chariots armed with scythes. 20 And just as Moses had said, they gave Hebron to Caleb, who destroyed out of it the three sons of Anak. 21 But the sons of Benjamin did not wipe out the Jebusite inhabitants of Jerusalem. And the Jebusite has lived with the sons of Benjamin in Jerusalem, even to the present day. 22 The house of Joseph also ascended against Bethel, and the Lord was with them. 23 For when they were besieging the city, which was previously called Luz, 24 they saw a man departing from the city, and they said to him, “Reveal to us the entrance to the city, and we will act with mercy toward you.” 25 And when he had revealed it to them, they struck the city with the edge of the sword. But that man, and all his relatives, they released. 26 And having been sent away, he went out to the land of the Hittites, and he built a city there, and he called it Luz. And so it is called, even to the present day. 27 Likewise, Manasseh did not destroy Bethshean and Taanach, with their villages, nor the inhabitants of Dor and Ibleam and Megiddo, with their villages. And the Canaanite began to live with them. 28 Then, after Israel had grown strong, he made them tributaries, but he was not willing to destroy them. 29 And now Ephraim did not put to death the Canaanite, who was living at Gezer; instead, he lived with him. 30 Zebulun did not wipe out the inhabitants of Kitron and of Nahalal. Instead, the Canaanite lived in their midst and became their tributary. 31 Likewise, Asher did not destroy the inhabitants of Acco and Sidon, Ahlab and Achzib, and Helbah, and Aphik, and Rehob. 32 And he lived in the midst of the Canaanites, the inhabitants of that land, for he did not put them to death. 33 Naphtali also did not wipe out the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and Bethanath. And he lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land. And the Beth-shemeshites and Bethanathites were tributaries to him. 34 And the Amorite hemmed in the sons of Dan on the mountain, and did not give them a place, so that they might descend to the flatlands. 35 And he lived on the mountain at Har-heres, which is translated as ‘resembling brick,’ and at Aijalon and Sha-alabbin. But the hand of the house of Joseph was very heavy, and he became a tributary to him. 36 Now the border of the Amorite was from the Ascent of the Scorpion, to the Rock and the higher places.

Verš 1

After the death of Joshua, the sons of Israel consulted the Lord, saying, “Who will ascend before us, against the Canaanite, and who will be the commander of the war?”

Sdc 20:18 - And they rose up and went to the house of God, that is, to Shiloh. And they consulted God, and they said, “Who shall be, in our army, the first to contend against the sons of Benjamin?” And the Lord responded to them, “Let Judah be your leader.”

Verš 9

And afterward, descending, they fought against the Canaanites who were living in the mountains, and in the south, and in the plains.

Joz 10:36 - He also ascended, with all of Israel, from Eglon into Hebron, and he fought against it.

Joz 11:21 - In that time, Joshua went and put to death the Anakim from the mountains, from Hebron and Debir and Anab, and from all the mountains of Judah and Israel. And he destroyed their cities.

Joz 15:13 - Yet truly, to Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, he gave a portion in the midst of the sons of Judah, just as the Lord had instructed him: the City of Arba, the father of Anak, which is Hebron.

Verš 10

And Judah, going forth against the Canaanites who were living at Hebron, (the name of which from antiquity was Kiriath-Arba) struck down Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai.

Joz 15:14 - And Caleb destroyed from it the three sons of Anak, Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai, of the stock of Anak.

Verš 11

And continuing on from there, he went to the inhabitants of Debir, the old name of which was Kiriath-Sepher, that is, the City of Letters.

Joz 15:15 - And ascending further from there, he came to the inhabitants of Debir, which before was called Kiriath-Sepher, that is, the City of Letters.

Verš 20

And just as Moses had said, they gave Hebron to Caleb, who destroyed out of it the three sons of Anak.

Nm 14:24 - My servant Caleb, who, being full of another spirit, has followed me, I will lead into this land, through which he has wandered, and his offspring shall possess it.

Joz 14:13 - And Joshua blessed him, and he delivered Hebron to him as a possession.

Verš 23

For when they were besieging the city, which was previously called Luz,

Gn 28:19 - And he called the name of the city, ‘Bethel,’ which before was called Luz.

Verš 27

Likewise, Manasseh did not destroy Bethshean and Taanach, with their villages, nor the inhabitants of Dor and Ibleam and Megiddo, with their villages. And the Canaanite began to live with them.

Joz 17:11 - And the inheritance of Manasseh, in Issachar and in Asher, was Bethshean and its villages, and Ibleam with its villages, and the inhabitants of Dor, with their towns, likewise the inhabitants of Endor with their villages, and similarly the inhabitants of Taanach with their villages, and the inhabitants of Megiddo with their villages, and one third part of the city of Naphath.

Verš 29

And now Ephraim did not put to death the Canaanite, who was living at Gezer; instead, he lived with him.

Joz 16:10 - And the sons of Ephraim did not put to death the Canaanite that was living at Gezer. And the Canaanite lived in the midst of Ephraim, even to this day, paying tribute.

Sdc 1,1 - Začiatok porov. s Joz 1,1. Poznámka o smrti Jozueho (Joz 24,29) by vhodne zapadla pred 2,11; tam vlastne začína popis udalostí, ktoré sa stali po smrti Jozueho. 1,1 – 2,10 je výťah z Joz, čiže prehľad o dobytí krajiny, ktorý oboznamuje čitateľa Sdc o politickom stave Izraela po smrti Jozueho. Tento dosť suchý úvod je spestrený troma živými obrazmi (v. 5–7, 12–15, 24–26). Spomína tu všetky izraelské kmene – ako Joz 14 n. pri delení krajiny –, okrem Isachara. – Dotaz na Pána sa stal posvätnými lósmi "ur im" a "tumim" (porov. Ex 28,30; Nm 27,21; Joz 7,16 nn.) v Galgale, kde mali Izraeliti prvé táborište po prechode Jordána (Joz 4,19; 5,9).

Sdc 1,3 - Simeon a Júda pochádzali od tej istej matky, Lie (Gn 29,33.35). Aj preto si pomáhajú tieto dva kmene, lebo podiel Simeonov bol v území Júdovom. Pozri Joz 19,1 nn.

Sdc 1,4 - Ferezejci, okrem Kanaánčanov, bývali na území Júdovom a Simeonovom. – Azda "Bezek" je porušený názov mesta Azeky (Joz 10,10 n.). Iný je Bezek v podiele Manassesa, južne od pohoria Gelboe (1 Sam 11,8).

Sdc 1,5 - Pôvodne sa kráľ menoval asi Adoni-Sedek, ale vzhľadom na meno mesta Bezek bolo zmenené na Adoni-Bezek (t. j. pán Bezeka). Treba však robiť rozdiel medzi Adonibezekom, ktorý zomrel v Jeruzaleme (v. 7), a jeruzalemským kráľom Adonisedekom, ktorý zomrel v Makede (Joz 10,26).

Sdc 1,6 - Vg hovorí, že Adonibezekovi uťali "končatiny na rukách a na nohách". Mrzačenie porazených nepriateľov, aby neboli schopní ďalšieho boja, bolo častým zjavom v starom Oriente. Že takáto ukrutnosť nevyplýva z ducha zjaveného náboženstva, vidieť z Dt 20. Izraeliti zaobchádzali s porazeným nepriateľom tak, ako by bol on zaobchodil s nimi. Vtedy platila zásada: Oko za oko, zub za zub. Pritom ani zďaleka neboli Izraeliti takí ukrutní ako iné národy.

Sdc 1,7 - Porov. Lk 16,21 o žobrákovi Lazárovi. – "Sedemdesiat" je zaokrúhlená číslica, ktorá značí veľmi mnoho.

Sdc 1,10-15 - Vv. 10–15 je skoro doslovné znenie Joz 15,14–19. Rozdiel je len v tom, že v Joz sa pripisuje spomenutá výprava Kalebovi, tu zas kmeňu Júdovmu. Keďže Kaleb bol z kmeňa Júdovho (Nm 13,7; 34,19), vecného rozporu medzi oboma správami niet; len Joz 15,14 nn. sa tu zovšeobecňuje. Vidieť, že spisovatelia Kníh Joz a Sdc čerpali z jedného prameňa. Táto udalosť stala sa teda ešte za Jozueho. – "Karjatsefer, to je Mesto písem" (či Knižné mesto), ako vysvetľuje Vg.

Sdc 1,16 - Mojžišov svokor bol Jetro (Ex 3,1), ako výslovne uvádza LXX. Zdá sa, že časť Jetrových potomkov, Kenejcov, sa pridala pod vedením Hobaba (porov. Nm 10,29–32) k Izraelitom ešte na púšti, kde im preukazovali dobré služby. O Kenejcoch pozri tiež Nm 24,21 n. Po príchode do Kanaánu osadili sa asi v dobytom Jerichu. Teraz sa pridali k výprave Júdovcov, aby si vydobyli kraje, ktoré im boli sľúbené (Nm 10,32). Pozri tiež 4,11; 1 Sam 15,6. – Mesto paliem je Jericho, Dt 34,3; 2 Krn 28,15. – Arad (Joz 12,14), dnes Tell 'Arad, 25 km južne od Hebrona. Južne odtiaľ sa potulovali Amalekiti; porov. 1 Sam 15,6. – Júdska púšť sa rozkladá od júdskych hôr na východ k Mŕtvemu moru. Sídla Kenejcov boli teda v juhozápadnej časti Júdskej púšte.

Sdc 1,17 - Horma (Chorma – Kliatba, porov. "chérem"), pozri Nm 14,45; 21,3; Dt 1,44; Joz 12,14; 15,30; 19,4. O kliatbe pozri Joz 6,21; 8,24; 10,28; 11,11.

Sdc 1,20 - K v. 20 pozri Joz 14,13; 15,13. – K v. 21 pozri Joz 15,63. V Joz je miesto Benjamína Júda. Jeruzalem bol bezprostredne na hranici medzi územím Júdovým a Benjamínovým (Joz 18,15–17), ale patril Benjamínovcom (Joz 18,28). Podľa v. 8 podarilo sa Júdovcom raz Jeruzalem vydobyť, ale nepodarilo sa to druhý raz Benjamínovcom. Porov. Joz 15,63.

Sdc 1,21 - Až dodnes – do dôb spisovateľa, čím chce potvrdiť pravdivosť svojho údaja.

Sdc 1,22-24 - Doteraz opisoval pomery u Júdovcov, Simeonovcov a Benjamínovcov. Ďalej sa dotýka, ale celkom stručne, pomerov ostatných kmeňov. – Dom Jozefov – Efraim a Manasses Joz 17,17. – Betel (Joz 7,2) podľa Joz 16,2 bol na južných hraniciach Efraimcov, ktorým vždy patril, hoci podľa Joz 18,13 bol daný Benjamínovcom. – O Beteli-Luze pozri Gn 28,19–22; Joz 16,2; 18,13. – "Dáme ti milosť" – nezabijeme ťa. Porov. (v. 25): Joz 2,14 o Rachabe.

Sdc 1,26 - Luza, asi kde je dnes Chirbet el-Luvézije pri Al-Gražare, 1 hod. severozápadne od Tell el-Kádi.

Sdc 1,27-29 - K v. 27 pozri Joz 17,12 n. – V. 29 je obdobou Joz 16,10.

Sdc 1,30-33 - O mestách Zabulonových pozri Joz 19,15 n., Aserových Joz 19,24 nn., o mestách Neftaliho Joz 19,35 nn.