2. kniha Samuelova

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

2Sam 1, 1-27

1 Now it happened that, after Saul died, David returned from the slaughter of Amalek, and he remained for two days at Ziklag. 2 Then, on the third day, a man appeared, arriving from the camp of Saul, with his garments torn and dust sprinkled on his head. And when he came to David, he fell on his face, and he reverenced. 3 And David said to him, “Where have you come from?” And he said to him, “I have fled from the camp of Israel.” 4 And David said to him: “What is the word that has happened? Reveal it to me.” And he said: “The people have fled from the battle, and many of the people have fallen and died. Moreover, Saul and his son Jonathan have passed away.” 5 And David said to the youth who was reporting to him, “How do you know that Saul and his son Jonathan have died?” 6 And the youth, who was reporting it to him, said: “I arrived by chance on mount Gilboa. And Saul was lying upon his spear. Then the chariots and horsemen drew near to him. 7 And turning behind his back and seeing me, he called to me. And when I had responded, “I am here,” 8 he said to me, “Who are you?” And I said to him, “I am an Amalekite.” 9 And he said to me: “Stand over me, and kill me. For anguish has taken hold of me, and still my whole life is in me.” 10 And standing over him, I killed him. For I knew that he was not able to live after the fall. And I took the diadem that was on his head, and the bracelet from his arm, and I have brought them here to you, my lord.” 11 Then David, taking hold of his garments, tore them, with all the men who were with him. 167 12 And they mourned, and wept, and fasted until evening, over Saul and over his son Jonathan, and over the people of the Lord and over the house of Israel, because they had fallen by the sword. 13 And David said to the youth who had reported it to him, “Where are you from?” And he responded, “I am the son of a man who is a new arrival from the Amalekites.” 14 And David said to him, “Why were you not afraid to put forth your hand, so that you would kill the Christ of the Lord?” 15 And calling one of his servants, David said, “Draw near and rush against him” And he struck him, and he died. 16 And David said to him: “Your blood is upon your own head. For your own mouth has spoken against you, saying: ‘I have killed the Christ of the Lord.’ ” 17 Then David mourned a lamentation over Saul and over his son Jonathan, in this way. 18 (And he instructed that they should teach the sons of Judah the bow, just as it is written in the Book of the Just.) And he said: “Consider, O Israel, on behalf of those who are dead, wounded upon your heights: 19 The illustrious of Israel have been killed upon your mountains. How could the valiant have fallen? 20 Do not choose to announce it in Gath, and do not announce it in the crossroads of Ashkelon. Otherwise, the daughters of the Philistines may rejoice; otherwise, the daughters of the uncircumcised may exult. 21 O mountains of Gilboa, let neither dew, nor rain fall over you, and may these not be the fields of the first-fruits. For in that place, the shield of the valiant was cast away, the shield of Saul, as if he had not been anointed with oil. 22 From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the strong, the arrow of Jonathan never turned back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty. 23 Saul and Jonathan, worthy to be loved, and stately in their life: even in death they were not divided. They were swifter than eagles, stronger than lions. 24 O daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you with scarlet finery, who offered ornaments of gold for your adornment. 25 How could the valiant have fallen in battle? How could Jonathan have been slain on the heights? 26 I grieve over you, my brother Jonathan: exceedingly stately, and worthy to be loved above the love of women. As a mother loves her only son, so also did I love you. 27 How could the robust have fallen, and the weapons of war have perished?”

Verš 1

Now it happened that, after Saul died, David returned from the slaughter of Amalek, and he remained for two days at Ziklag.

1Sam 30:17 - And David struck them down from evening until the evening of the next day. And no one among them escaped, except four hundred youths, who had climbed on camels and fled.

Verš 18

(And he instructed that they should teach the sons of Judah the bow, just as it is written in the Book of the Just.) And he said: “Consider, O Israel, on behalf of those who are dead, wounded upon your heights:

Joz 10:13 - And the sun and the moon stood still, until the people had avenged themselves of their enemies. Has this not been written in the book of the just? And so the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and it did not hurry to its rest for the space of one day.

Verš 11

Then David, taking hold of his garments, tore them, with all the men who were with him. 167

2Sam 3:31 - Then David said to Joab, and to all the people who were with him, “Tear your garments, and gird yourselves with sackcloth, and mourn before the funeral procession of Abner.” Moreover, king David himself was following the casket.

2Sam 13:31 - And so the king rose up, and he tore his garments, and he fell upon the ground. And all his servants, who were standing near him, tore their garments.

Verš 20

Do not choose to announce it in Gath, and do not announce it in the crossroads of Ashkelon. Otherwise, the daughters of the Philistines may rejoice; otherwise, the daughters of the uncircumcised may exult.

Mi 1:10 - Do not be willing to announce it in Gath; may you not lament with tears. In the house of Dust, besprinkle yourselves with dust.

2Sam 1,2 - Roztrhnutý odev a prachom alebo popolom posypaná hlava boli znakom smútku a pokánia.

2Sam 1,5 - Z 1 Sam 31 vieme, že správa Amalekitu je nepravdivá. Chce si získať Dávidovu priazeň, preto tvrdí, že on zabil jeho nepriateľa.

2Sam 1,13 - "Chránenci" boli cudzinci, ktorí sa usadili medzi Izraelitmi, prijali ich náboženstvo, boli pod ich ochranou a požívali určité práva. V časoch gréckych volali ich prozelytmi.

2Sam 1,16 - T. j. sám si zodpovedný za svoju smrť.

2Sam 1,17 - Táto elégia je po básnickej stránke jedna z najkrajších básní Starého zákona. Nemá síce priamo náboženský obsah, ale svedčí o šľachetnom zmýšľaní Dávidovom. Jej osnova je dosť porušená.

2Sam 1,18 - Prekladáme podľa LXX. Hebr. a Vulg čítajú: "treba naučiť synov Izraela kušu". Slovo kuša pôsobí v tomto súvise výkladu veľké ťažkosti a rozličné pokusy meniť text nevedú k cieľu. Možno, že nadpis celej piesne bol "Kuša" (porov. v. 22). – Kniha spravodlivých sa spomína aj v Joz 10,13. Bola to asi zbierka básní, ale nič bližšieho o nej ne vieme.

2Sam 1,20 - "Dcéry pohanov" zneje doslovne: "dcéry neobrezancov".

2Sam 1,21 - Výraz "polia prvotín" robí ťažkosti. Možno to rozumieť tak, že kopce budú také neúrodné, že sa ani prvotiny na nich neurodia. – I tak by bolo možno preložiť: "Vy polia prvotín", azda v tom zmysle, že na nich padol za obeť prvý kráľ Izraela. Niektorí menia znenie a čítajú: "Vy polia smrti" alebo "Vy polia klamné".

2Sam 1,22 - Pred bojom pomazali si bojovníci štíty olejom (Iz 21,5). Šaulov štít bol pomazaný krvou a tukom padlého kráľa. – Predtým bývali Šaul a Jonatán úspešní bojovníci a neustupovali.

2Sam 1,26 - Slová v zátvorkách dokladá len Vulg.

2Sam 1,27 - "Nástroje boja" boli padlí hrdinovia.