  | 2. kniha MachabejcovBiblia - Sväté písmo(KJV - Anglický - King James) | 2Mach 13, 1-26 |
1 2Mach 13, 1 In the hundred forty and ninth year it was told Judas, that Antiochus Eupator was coming with a great power into Judea, 2 2Mach 13, 2 And with him Lysias his protector, and ruler of his affairs, having either of them a Grecian power of footmen, an hundred and ten thousand, and horsemen five thousand and three hundred, and elephants two and twenty, and three hundred chariots armed with hooks. 3 2Mach 13, 3 Menelaus also joined himself with them, and with great dissimulation encouraged Antiochus, not for the safeguard of the country, but because he thought to have been made governor. 4 2Mach 13, 4 But the King of kings moved Antiochus' mind against this wicked wretch, and Lysias informed the king that this man was the cause of all mischief, so that the king commanded to bring him unto Berea, and to put him to death, as the manner is in that place. 5 2Mach 13, 5 Now there was in that place a tower of fifty cubits high, full of ashes, and it had a round instrument which on every side hanged down into the ashes. 6 2Mach 13, 6 And whosoever was condemned of sacrilege, or had committed any other grievous crime, there did all men thrust him unto death. 7 2Mach 13, 7 Such a death it happened that wicked man to die, not having so much as burial in the earth; and that most justly: 8 2Mach 13, 8 For inasmuch as he had committed many sins about the altar, whose fire and ashes were holy, he received his death in ashes. 9 2Mach 13, 9 Now the king came with a barbarous and haughty mind to do far worse to the Jews, than had been done in his father's time. 10 2Mach 13, 10 Which things when Judas perceived, he commanded the multitude to call upon the Lord night and day, that if ever at any other time, he would now also help them, being at the point to be put from their law, from their country, and from the holy temple: 11 2Mach 13, 11 And that he would not suffer the people, that had even now been but a little refreshed, to be in subjection to the blasphemous nations. 12 2Mach 13, 12 So when they had all done this together, and besought the merciful Lord with weeping and fasting, and lying flat upon the ground three days long, Judas, having exhorted them, commanded they should be in a readiness. 13 2Mach 13, 13 And Judas, being apart with the elders, determined, before the king's host should enter into Judea, and get the city, to go forth and try the matter in fight by the help of the Lord. 14 2Mach 13, 14 So when he had committed all to the Creator of the world, and exhorted his soldiers to fight manfully, even unto death, for the laws, the temple, the city, the country, and the commonwealth, he camped by Modin: 15 2Mach 13, 15 And having given the watchword to them that were about him, Victory is of God; with the most valiant and choice young men he went in into the king's tent by night, and slew in the camp about four thousand men, and the chiefest of the elephants, with all that were upon him. 16 2Mach 13, 16 And at last they filled the camp with fear and tumult, and departed with good success. 17 2Mach 13, 17 This was done in the break of the day, because the protection of the Lord did help him. 18 2Mach 13, 18 Now when the king had taken a taste of the manliness of the Jews, he went about to take the holds by policy, 19 2Mach 13, 19 And marched toward Bethsura, which was a strong hold of the Jews: but he was put to flight, failed, and lost of his men: 20 2Mach 13, 20 For Judas had conveyed unto them that were in it such things as were necessary. 21 2Mach 13, 21 But Rhodocus, who was in the Jews' host, disclosed the secrets to the enemies; therefore he was sought out, and when they had gotten him, they put him in prison. 22 2Mach 13, 22 The king treated with them in Bethsum the second time, gave his hand, took their's, departed, fought with Judas, was overcome; 23 2Mach 13, 23 Heard that Philip, who was left over the affairs in Antioch, was desperately bent, confounded, intreated the Jews, submitted himself, and sware to all equal conditions, agreed with them, and offered sacrifice, honoured the temple, and dealt kindly with the place, 24 2Mach 13, 24 And accepted well of Maccabeus, made him principal governor from Ptolemais unto the Gerrhenians; 25 2Mach 13, 25 Came to Ptolemais: the people there were grieved for the covenants; for they stormed, because they would make their covenants void: 26 2Mach 13, 26 Lysias went up to the judgment seat, said as much as could be in defence of the cause, persuaded, pacified, made them well affected, returned to Antioch. Thus it went touching the king's coming and departing.
| | | 2Mach 13, 1-26 |
2Mach 13,1 - O Lyziášových výpravách proti Júdsku porov. pozn. k 11,1. Táto druhá Lyziášova výprava bola v r. 149 Sel., t. j. medzi jeseňou 163 a jeseňou 162 pr. Kr. (podľa Kuglera: 164–163 pr. Kr.). O tejto výprave porov. 1 Mach 6,17–31 a tiež príslušné poznámky. V 1 Mach 6,20 sa síce udáva r. 150 Sel., ale nie je to v rozpore s r. 149 v našom verši, lebo spisovateľ 1 Mach počíta roky od nisana, t. j. o 6 mesiacov skôr (spisovateľ 2 Mach začína počítať roky mesiacom tišri). Podľa toho výprava sa uskutočnila medzi májom a septembrom r. 162 pr. Kr. – O príčine, ktorá pohla kráľa k tejto novej vojne proti Židom, porov. 1 Mach 6,20–27; porov. nižšie v. 3. Chcel sa tiež pomstiť za porážku Timoteja (2 Mach 12). O ceste, po ktorej tiahol proti Židom, porov. pozn. k 1 Mach 6,31.
2Mach 13,3-8 - Veľký helenofil Menelaus (porov. 4,23 nn.) sa pripojil k Lyziášovmu vojsku, lebo mal nádej, že znovu nadobudne veľkňazstvo, ktorého bol pozbavený vtedy, keď Júda očistil chrám a obnovil v ňom bohoslužbu. "Dorážal na Antiocha", t. j. huckal ho do vojny; porov. 1 Mach 6,24 n. Menelaus – ako sprostredkovateľ medzi Židmi a kráľom – sklamal, nevedel uspokojiť Machabejcov (porov. 11,29.32), čo mu Lyziáš nevedel odpustiť. Nahuckal proti nemu kráľa, ktorý ho dal odstrániť celkom podľa perzského spôsobu, dal ho totiž vhodiť do horúceho popola. Podľa nášho textu by sa zdalo, že bol Menelaus zabitý hneď na začiatku výpravy, ale stalo sa tak až na konci výpravy, ako dosvedčuje aj Joz. Flávius (Starož. 12,9,7; porov. pozn. k v. 26). Berea, pravdepodobne dnešné Aleppo, východne od Antiochie.
2Mach 13,9 - Kráľ, ako 14-ročný mladík (porov. 1 Mach 6,17), bol úplne v rukách svojho poručníka Lyziáša. Preto všetko, čo sa tu pripisuje kráľovi, je vlastne Lyziášovo dielo.
2Mach 13,13 - Porov. 1 Mach 2,1a pozn. k 1 Mach 3,16.
2Mach 13,15-17 - Porov. podobné heslo v 8,23. Podobný, ale rozdielny prípad pozri v 1 Mach 6,43–46.
2Mach 13,18 - Porov. 1 Mach 6,31 n.
2Mach 13,20 - "Zabili", doslovne "uväznili"; v 2 Mach častejšie treba brať slovo "uväzniť" vo význame: "zabiť". Táto zrada znemožnila ďalšie zásobovanie pevnosti, takže Betsura sa musela vzdať a prijať ponúknutý mier. Porov. 1 Mach 6,49 n. a tiež 6,32 n.
2Mach 13,23 - Čo sa dialo po odovzdaní Betsury, o tom porov. 1 Mach 6,47–60. Povstanie v Antiochii, vyvolané Filipom, ktorého Antiochus Epifanes ustanovil za správcu ríše (porov. 1 Mach 6,14 n .55), sa stalo pre Židov záchranou. Obšírnejšie o dojednaní kráľa so Židmi pozri 1 Mach 6,58–62.
2Mach 13,25 - Do Ptolemaidy (1 Mach 5,15) došiel kráľ s Lyziášom. Ptolemaidčania závideli Židom náboženskú slobodu a politickú samosprávu (porov. 1 Mach 5,52; 6,59). Preto bol Lyziáš nútený osobne vystúpiť pred nich a výrečnými slovami ich uspokojiť. – Eupator a Lyziáš tiahli potom proti povstaleckej Antiochii a vyhnali stadiaľ Filipa. Krátko na to boli však Eupator a Lyziáš zabití a tým stratil aj Júda postavenie miestodržiteľa. – Zavraždením Menelaa, čo sa stalo najneskôr hneď po výprave, stratilo Júdsko svojho oficiálneho vodcu a veľkňaza. Po ňom preberá akési hlavné vedenie národa Júda, ako miestodržiteľ. No veľkňazom sa nestal, hoci sa toho židovská tradícia pridŕžala. Až o rok neskoršie, keď nastúpil na trón Demetrius, stal sa veľkňazom Alkimus. Niekedy sa éra Hasmonejcov ráta už od r. 162 pr. Kr., keď sa Júda stal miestodržiteľom, ale zvyčajne sa počíta od doby, keď sa Šimon stal kniežaťom – až po smrť Antigona, t. j. od r. 142/41– 37 pr. Kr.
