Kniha Deuteronómium

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Dt 33, 1-29

1 This is the blessing, with which Moses, the man of God, blessed the sons of Israel before his death. 2 And he said: “The Lord went forth from Sinai, and he arose for us from Seir. He appeared from Mount Paran, and thousands of holy ones were with him. The fiery law was in his right hand. 3 He loved the people; all the holy ones are in his hand. And those who approach his feet shall receive from his doctrine. 4 Moses instructed us in the law, the inheritance of the multitude of Jacob. 5 The king shall have great righteousness, at the gathering of the princes of the people with the tribes of Israel. 6 Let Ruben live, and not die, and may he be small in number.” 7 This is the blessing of Judah. “Hear, O Lord, the voice of Judah, and lead him to his people. His hands shall fight for him, and he shall be his helper against his adversaries.” 8 Likewise, to Levi he said: “Your perfection and your doctrine are for your holy man, whom you have proven by temptation, and whom you have judged at the Waters of Contradiction. 9 He has said to his father and to his mother, ‘I do not know you,’ and to his brothers, ‘I will disregard you.’ And they have not known their own sons. Such as these have kept your word and have observed your covenant: 10 your judgments, O Jacob, and your law, O Israel. They shall place incense before your fury and a holocaust upon your altar. 11 O Lord, bless his strength, and receive the works of his hands. Strike the backs of his enemies, and do not let those who hate him rise up.” 12 And to Benjamin he said: “The most beloved of the Lord will live confidently in him. He shall remain all day long, as if in a bridal chamber, and he shall rest amid her arms.” 13 Likewise, to Joseph he said: “His land shall be from the blessing of the Lord, from the fruits of heaven, and from the dew, and from the abyss which lies below, 14 from the fruits of the crops under the sun and the moon, 15 from the heights of the ancient mountains, from the fruits of the everlasting hills, 16 and from the fruits of the earth with all its plenitude. May the blessing of him who appeared in the bush, settle upon the head of Joseph, and upon the top of the head of the Nazarite among his brothers. 17 His excellence is like that of a first-born bull. His horns are like the horns of a rhinoceros; he shall brandish these against the Gentiles, even to the ends of the earth. These are the multitudes of Ephraim, and these the thousands of Manasseh.” 18 And to Zebulun he said: “Rejoice, O Zebulun, in your departure, and Issachar, in your tabernacles. 19 They shall summon the peoples to the mountain. There, they shall immolate the victims of justice, who feed on the flood of the sea, as if on milk, and on the hidden treasures of the sands.” 20 And to Gad he said: “Blessed is Gad in his breadth. He has rested like a lion, and he has seized the arm and the top of the head. 21 And he has seen his own pre-eminence, which his teacher has stored up as his portion. He was with the princes of the people, and he accomplished the justices of the Lord, and his judgment with Israel.” 22 Likewise, to Dan he said: “Dan is a young lion. He shall flow plentifully from Bashan.” 23 And to Naphtali he said: “Naphtali shall enjoy abundance, and he shall be full of the blessings of the Lord. He shall possess the sea and the Meridian.” 24 Likewise, to Asher he said: “Let Asher be blessed with sons. Let him be pleasing to his brothers, and let him dip his foot in oil. 25 His shoe shall be of iron and of brass. As were the days of your youth, so also shall be your old age. 26 There is no other god like the God of the most righteous one. He who rides upon the heavens is your helper. His magnificence scatters the clouds. 27 His habitation is above, and the everlasting arms are below. He shall cast out the enemy before your face, and he shall say: ‘Be utterly broken!’ 28 Israel shall live in confidence and alone, as the eye of Jacob in a land of grain and of wine; and the heavens shall be misty with dew. 29 Blessed are you, O Israel. Who is like you, the people who are saved by the Lord? He is the shield of your assistance and the sword of your glory. Your enemies will refuse to acknowledge you, and so you shall tread upon their necks.”

Verš 16

and from the fruits of the earth with all its plenitude. May the blessing of him who appeared in the bush, settle upon the head of Joseph, and upon the top of the head of the Nazarite among his brothers.

Gn 49:26 - The blessings of your father are strengthened by the blessings of his fathers, until the desire of the hills of eternity shall arrive. May they be at the head of Joseph, and at the summit of the Nazarite, among his brothers.

Verš 28

Israel shall live in confidence and alone, as the eye of Jacob in a land of grain and of wine; and the heavens shall be misty with dew.

Jer 23:6 - In those days, Judah will be saved, and Israel will live in confidence. And this is the name that they will call him: ‘The Lord, our Just One.’

Jer 33:16 - In those days, Judah will be saved, and Jerusalem will live in confidence. And this is the name that they will call him: ‘The Lord, our Just One.’

Verš 13

Likewise, to Joseph he said: “His land shall be from the blessing of the Lord, from the fruits of heaven, and from the dew, and from the abyss which lies below,

Gn 49:25 - The God of your father will be your helper, and the Almighty will bless you with the blessings of heaven above, with the blessings of the abyss that lies beneath, with the blessings of the breasts and of the womb.

Dt 33,1 - Ako patriarcha Jakub požehnal pred svojou smrťou dvanásť svojich synov (Gn 49,1 n.), tak aj Mojžiš požehnáva svoj národ prv, než vystúpi na vrch Nebo, kde zomrie. Medzi oboma požehnaniami je veľká podoba. Rozdiely sa dajú vysvetliť časovým odstupom medzi jedným a druhým požehnaním. Možno tvrdiť, že obidve proroctvá sa navzájom doplňujú. Mojžiš vidí pred sebou ideálny obraz Izraela, ktorý je verný Pánovi, ktorý zachováva zákony, za čo obsiahol ako odmenu všetky časné dobrodenia.

Dt 33,2-3 - V obraze zjavenia sa Pána Mojžiš vyjadruje, ako Boh vo svojej všemohúcnosti viedol svoj ľud od vrchu Sinaj cez púšť. Seir pozri Nm 14,29.32. Fáran porov. Nm 20,14 n. Ale tu Fáran označuje hornatý kraj severne od púšte toho istého mena. Meríba-Kádeš pozri Nm 20,1. Ako slnko ide Boh pred svojím ľudom, dávajúc mu svoj zákon. Ohnivý zákon je narážka na blesky, ktoré sprevádzali sinajskú zmluvu a vyhlásenie Desatora (Ex 19,16 a Dt 4,11). Svätí – týmto slovom označujú sa Izraeliti, ktorých Boh ochraňoval, akoby ich niesol vo svojich rukách. "A tí, čo sa…" Mojžiš myslí na čas, keď Izraeliti stáli na úpätí vrchu Sinaj, očakávajúc vyhlásenie zákona.

Dt 33,5 - Boh bol Kráľom miláčikovi (spravodlivému, pravému), t. j. Izraelitom, keď prijali zmluvu Pánovu na Sinaji (Ex 19,3–8).

Dt 33,6 - Prvorodený syn Jakubov, Ruben, už svojím otcom bol pozbavený práva prvorodenstva (Gn 49, 3.4). Nebude teda Ruben prvým medzi kmeňmi Izraela, ale nevyhynie. Po Rubenovi mal by nasledovať Simeon, Mojžiš ho však vynechá, pretože podľa proroctva Jakubovho (Gn 49,7) Simeonovi potomci mali byť roztrúsení medzi všetky ostatné kmene. Tak sa aj stalo (Joz 19,2–9).

Dt 33,7 - Proroctvo o Júdovi má formu modlitby. Júdovi prisľúbil Jakub prvenstvo (Gn 49,10), preto ho Mojžiš uvádza pred Lévim. Mojžiš žiada vedúcemu kmeňu šťastlivý návrat z boja.

Dt 33,8 - O urim a tumim pozri Ex 28,29 n. Posvätné žreby dostali sa do opatery Áronovi a po ňom jeho nástupcom, veľkňazom, ktorí majú byť z kmeňa Léviho. Massa pozri Ex 17,1–7; Dt 6,16; Meríba porov. Nm 20,13.24.

Dt 33,9 - Vernosť levitov Bohu osvedčila sa najmä pri potrestaní tých, čo sa klaňali zlatému teľaťu. Vtedy leviti zavraždili mnohých spomedzi tých, čo sa previnili, nedbajúc ani na zväzky pokrvenstva a príbuzenstva (Ex 32,25–29).

Dt 33,10-11 - Tieto verše sa týkajú služby levitov pri svätyni a ich učiteľského poslania v Izraeli (Lv 10,11). "Ich nepriateľov bi…" naráža sa na vzburu a potrestanie Koreho (Nm 16,1 n.).

Dt 33,12 - Pán bude bývať na pleciach Benjamína. Táto obrazná predpoveď sa splnila, nakoľko archa bola zložená na území Benjamína. Vrch Sion a väčšia časť neskoršieho Jeruzalema boli na území, čo sa dostalo kmeňu Benjamínovmu.

Dt 33,13-17 - Porov. Gn 49,22–26. V Jozefovi Mojžiš požehnáva kmeň Efraimov a Manassesov.

Dt 33,18-19 - Pozri Gn 49,13–15. Potomci Zabulonovi a Isacharovi privedú národy na vrch Sion. Na svojich obchodných cestách privedú k viere v pravého Boha mnoho príslušníkov iných národov.

Dt 33,20-21 - Porov. Gn 49,19. Gadovci dostali svoje územie v Zajordánsku (Nm 32,3.6.25 n.), ale ukázali sa aj ako udatní bojovníci pri dobývaní Palestíny (Joz 4,12).

Dt 33,22 - Aj Dan bude udatný v boji. V bášanských horách vtedy boli ešte levy.

Dt 33,23 - Kmeňu Neftaliho dostalo sa územie na západ a na juh od Genezaretského jazera (Joz 19,32–39).

Dt 33,24 - Samo meno Aser značí požehnaného. Aser bude mať najúrodnejšiu zem, preto bude najviac požehnaný medzi svojimi bratmi.

Dt 33,26 - Myšlienkove tento verš sa zapája na v. 5, hovorí opäť o celom Izraeli. Pán bude ochraňovať Izraelitov z nebies, Boh je všade; sídli na nebi, ale koná a je prítomný aj na zemi.

Dt 33,28 - Prameň Jakubov, t. j. potomkovia Jakubovi budú mať svoje vlastné územie.