  | Kniha DeuteronómiumBiblia - Sväté písmo(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD) | Dt 25, 1-19 |
1 Dt 25, 1 “If there is a case between persons, and they apply to the judges, they shall give the palm of justice to the one whom they perceive to be just, and they shall condemn of impiety the one who is impious. 2 Dt 25, 2 But if they see that the one who has sinned is worthy of stripes, they shall prostrate him and cause him to be beaten before them. According to the measure of the sin, so shall the measure of the stripes be. 3 Dt 25, 3 Even so, these shall not exceed the number of forty. Otherwise, your brother may depart, having been wounded shamefully before your eyes. 4 Dt 25, 4 You shall not muzzle an ox as it is treading out your crops in the field. 5 Dt 25, 5 When brothers are living together, and one of them dies without children, the wife of the deceased shall not marry another. Instead, his brother shall take her, and he shall raise up offspring for his brother. 6 Dt 25, 6 And the first son from her, he shall call by his brother’s name, so that his name will not be abolished from Israel. 7 Dt 25, 7 But if he is not willing to take his brother’s wife, who by law must go to him, the woman shall go to the gate of the city, and she shall call upon those greater by birth, and she shall say: ‘The brother of my husband is not willing to raise up his brother’s name in Israel; nor will he join with me.’ 8 Dt 25, 8 And immediately, they shall summon him to be sent, and they shall question him. If he responds, ‘I am not willing to accept her as a wife,’ 9 Dt 25, 9 then the woman shall approach him in the sight of the elders, and she shall remove his shoe from his foot, and she shall spit in his face, and she shall say: ‘So shall it be done to the man who was not willing to build up his brother’s house.’ 10 Dt 25, 10 And his name shall be called in Israel: The House of the Unshod. 11 Dt 25, 11 If two men have a conflict between themselves, and one begins to do violence to the other, and if the other’s wife, wanting to rescue her husband from the hand of the stronger one, extends her hand and grasps him by his private parts, 12 Dt 25, 12 then you shall cut off her hand. Neither shall you weep over her with any mercy. 13 Dt 25, 13 You shall not have differing weights, greater and lesser, in your bag. 14 Dt 25, 14 Neither shall there be in your house a greater and a lesser measure. 15 Dt 25, 15 You shall have a just and a true weight, and your measure shall be equal and true, so that you may live for a long time upon the land, which the Lord your God will give to you. 16 Dt 25, 16 For the Lord your God abominates him who does these things, and he loathes all injustice. 17 Dt 25, 17 Remember what Amalek did to you, along the way, when you were departing from Egypt: 18 Dt 25, 18 how he met you and cut down the stragglers of the troops, who were sitting down, exhausted, when you were consumed by hunger and hardship, and how he did not fear God. 19 Dt 25, 19 Therefore, when the Lord your God will give you rest, and you will have subdued all the surrounding nations, in the land which he has promised to you, you shall delete his name from under heaven. Take care not to forget this.”
| | | Dt 25, 1-19 |
Verš 3
Even so, these shall not exceed the number of forty. Otherwise, your brother may depart, having been wounded shamefully before your eyes.
2Kor 11:24 - On five occasions, I received forty stripes, less one, from the Jews.
Verš 4
You shall not muzzle an ox as it is treading out your crops in the field.
1Kor 9:9 - For it is written in the law of Moses: “You shall not bind the mouth of an ox, while it is treading out the grain.” Is God here concerned with the oxen?
1Tim 5:18 - For Scripture says: “You shall not muzzle an ox as it is treading out the grain,” and, “The worker is worthy of his pay.”
Verš 5
When brothers are living together, and one of them dies without children, the wife of the deceased shall not marry another. Instead, his brother shall take her, and he shall raise up offspring for his brother.
Mt 22:24 - saying: “Teacher, Moses said: If anyone will have died, having no son, his brother shall marry his wife, and he shall raise up offspring to his brother.
Mk 12:19 - “Teacher, Moses wrote for us that if any man’s brother will have died and left behind a wife, and not have left behind sons, his brother should take his wife to himself and should raise up offspring for his brother.
Lk 20:28 - saying: “Teacher, Moses wrote for us: If any man’s brother will have died, having a wife, and if he does not have any children, then his brother should take her as his wife, and he should raise up offspring for his brother.
Verš 7
But if he is not willing to take his brother’s wife, who by law must go to him, the woman shall go to the gate of the city, and she shall call upon those greater by birth, and she shall say: ‘The brother of my husband is not willing to raise up his brother’s name in Israel; nor will he join with me.’
Rút 4:7 - Yet it was the custom between kinsmen in this former time in Israel, that if at anytime one yielded his right to another, so as to confirm his permission, the man took off his shoe and gave it to his neighbor. This was a testimony of concession in Israel.
Verš 16
For the Lord your God abominates him who does these things, and he loathes all injustice.
Prís 11:1 - A deceitful scale is an abomination with the Lord, and a fair weighing is his will.
Verš 17
Remember what Amalek did to you, along the way, when you were departing from Egypt:
Ex 17:8 - And Amalek came and fought against Israel at Rephidim.
Dt 25,1-3 - Predpis sa dotýka menších previnení. Sudcovia mohli pokarhať a mohli odsúdiť podľa previnenia na trest bitím. Počet úderov sa nameral podľa viny. Bilo sa v prítomnosti sudcu. Počet úderov nesmel prestúpiť 40. Neskoršie najväčší telesný trest bol 39 úderov. Umenšili to preto, aby sa pri rátaní nepomýlili a neudreli viac ráz.
Dt 25,4 - Mlátilo sa obyčajne na poli, na vyvýšenejšom mieste. Na rozloženom obilí vodili statok dookola a ťažké šľapy dobytka vymŕvali zrno. Aby dobytok nežral z obilia, dávali mu náhubok. Mojžiš to zakazuje a chce, aby aj zvieratá mali akúsi odmenu za svoju robotu (1 Kor 9,9; 1 Tim 5,18).
Dt 25,5-10 - Bratia, t. j. tí, čo majú spoločného otca, pretože ide o dedičstvo (Gn 38,8). Zdá sa, že zákon viazal len slobodných bratov, a to tiež len vtedy, keď švagriná bola v takom veku, že mohla mať nádej na potomka. Ak bola v pokročilom veku, tento zákon (manželstvo levirátne) nezaväzoval bratov zomrelého. – Nanútené manželstvo však spravidla nebýva šťastné, preto brat (neskoršie aj ďalší príbuzný) mohol sa tejto povinnosti vyhnúť. Vtedy ho žena obžalovala pred staršími mesta, zobula mu obuv a hodila mu ju do tváre. Tým sa znázorňovalo jednak potupenie, jednak to, že brat zomrelého pozbavuje sa akéhokoľvek práva, ktoré mu dával zákon na majetok jeho brata. Jeden z aspektov tohto manželstva a s ním spojenej praxe nachádzame v Knihe Rút 4. hl. Narážku na to nachádzame aj neskôr v Novom zákone u Jána 1,24–34. Zmienka Jána Krstiteľa o remienkoch na "sandáloch" a o práve Ježiša Krista, ktorý bol "prv ako ja", je pochopiteľná aj na pozadí tohto židovského práva. Ježiš je Mesiáš a má právo na Cirkev preto, že bol "prv" ako Ján Krstiteľ (Jn 1,24–34). Stiahnuť si obuv z nohy znamenalo v tejto súvislosti vzdať sa svojho práva (porov. pozn. k Rút 4,7).
Dt 25,13-16 - Porov. Lv 19,35 n. Toto nie je vlastne zákon, pretože nemá pripojenú nijakú sankciu. Je to mravná požiadavka, zakladajúca sa na poukaze, že Boh je strážcom poriadku a že tresce každú nespravodlivosť. – Merica, čiže efa, merala 36,44 l. Bola to miera na pevné sypké veci.
Dt 25,17-19 - Pozri Ex 17,8 n. a 1 Sam 15,2–33; 30,1–18. O udalosti v. 18 Sväté písmo na inom mieste nehovorí.
