Kniha Deuteronómium

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Dt 19, 1-21

1 “When the Lord your God will have destroyed the nations, whose land he will deliver to you, and when you possess it and live in its cities and buildings, 2 you shall separate for yourselves three cities in the midst of the land, which the Lord will give to you as a possession, 3 paving the road carefully. And you shall divide the entire province of your land equally into three parts, so that he who is forced to flee because of manslaughter may have a place nearby to which he may be able to escape. 4 This shall be the law of the killer who flees, whose life is to be saved. Whoever strikes down his neighbor unwillingly, and who has been proven to have had no hatred against him yesterday and the day before, 5 such that he had gone with him into the forest simply to cut wood, and in cutting down the tree, the axe slipped from his hand, or the iron slipped from the handle, and it struck his friend and killed him: he shall flee to one of the cities stated above, and he shall live. 6 Otherwise, perhaps the near relative of him whose blood was shed, impelled by his grief, might pursue and apprehend him, unless the way is too long, and he might strike down the life of him who is not guilty unto death, since he had demonstrated that he had no prior hatred against him who was slain. 7 For this reason, I instruct you to separate three cities at equal distance from one another. 8 And when the Lord your God will have enlarged your borders, just as he swore to your fathers, and when he will have given to you all the land that he has promised to them, 9 (but this is only so if you will keep his commandments and do the things which I instruct to you this day, so that you love the Lord your God, and walk in his ways at all times) you shall add for yourselves three other cities, and so you shall double the number of the three cities stated above. 10 So may innocent blood not be shed in the midst of the land which the Lord your God will give you to possess, lest you be guilty of blood. 11 But if anyone, having hatred for his neighbor, will have lain in ambush for his life, and, rising up, will have struck him, and he will have died, and if he will have fled to one of the cities stated above, 12 the elders of his city shall send, and they shall take him from the place of refuge, and they shall deliver him into the hand of the relative of him whose blood was shed, and he shall die. 13 You shall not take pity on him, and so shall you take away the blood of the innocent from Israel, so that it may be well with you. 14 You shall not take up or move the landmark of your neighbor, which those before you have placed, in your possession that the Lord your God will give to you, in the land you will receive to possess. 15 One witness shall not stand against another, no matter what the sin or outrage may be. For every word shall stand by the mouth of two or three witnesses. 16 If a lying witness will have stood against a man, accusing him of a transgression, 17 both of those whose case it is shall stand before the Lord in the sight of the priests and the judges who shall be in those days. 18 And when, after a very diligent examination, they will have found that the false witness had told a lie against his brother, 19 they shall render to him just as he intended to do to his brother. And so shall you take away the evil from your midst. 20 Then the others, upon hearing this, will be afraid, and they will by no means dare to do such things. 21 You shall not take pity on him. Instead, you shall require a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot.”

Verš 2

you shall separate for yourselves three cities in the midst of the land, which the Lord will give to you as a possession,

Ex 21:13 - But if he did not lie in wait for him, but God delivered him into his hands, then I will appoint for you a place to which he must flee.

Nm 35:9 - The Lord said to Moses:

Joz 20:2 - Separate the cities of refuge, about which I spoke to you by the hand of Moses,

Verš 4

This shall be the law of the killer who flees, whose life is to be saved. Whoever strikes down his neighbor unwillingly, and who has been proven to have had no hatred against him yesterday and the day before,

Ex 21:13 - But if he did not lie in wait for him, but God delivered him into his hands, then I will appoint for you a place to which he must flee.

Dt 4:41 - Then Moses set aside three cities, across the Jordan toward the eastern region,

Verš 8

And when the Lord your God will have enlarged your borders, just as he swore to your fathers, and when he will have given to you all the land that he has promised to them,

Gn 28:13 - and the Lord, leaning upon the ladder, saying to him: “I am the Lord, the God of Abraham your father, and the God of Isaac. The land, in which you sleep, I will give to you and to your offspring.

Dt 12:20 - When the Lord your God will have enlarged your borders, just as he has spoken to you, and when you would eat the flesh that your soul desires,

Verš 9

(but this is only so if you will keep his commandments and do the things which I instruct to you this day, so that you love the Lord your God, and walk in his ways at all times) you shall add for yourselves three other cities, and so you shall double the number of the three cities stated above.

Joz 20:7 - And they decreed Kedesh in Galilee, at mount Naphtali, and Shechem, at mount Ephraim, and Kiriath-Arba, which is Hebron, at mount Judah.

Verš 11

But if anyone, having hatred for his neighbor, will have lain in ambush for his life, and, rising up, will have struck him, and he will have died, and if he will have fled to one of the cities stated above,

Gn 9:6 - Whoever will shed human blood, his blood will be poured out. For man was indeed made to the image of God.

Ex 21:12 - Whoever strikes a man, intending to murder, shall be put to death.

Ex 21:14 - If someone murders his neighbor with deliberation, by lying in wait, you shall tear him away from my altar, so that he may die.

Lv 24:17 - Whoever will have struck and killed a man shall be put to death.

Nm 35:16 - If anyone will have struck someone with iron, and he who was struck will have died, then he shall be guilty of homicide, and he himself shall die.

Verš 14

You shall not take up or move the landmark of your neighbor, which those before you have placed, in your possession that the Lord your God will give to you, in the land you will receive to possess.

Prís 22:28 - Do not cross beyond the ancient limits that your fathers have set.

Verš 15

One witness shall not stand against another, no matter what the sin or outrage may be. For every word shall stand by the mouth of two or three witnesses.

Nm 35:30 - The punishment of a murderer shall be based upon testimony; but no one shall be condemned upon the testimony of only one person.

Dt 17:6 - By the mouth of two or three witnesses, he who is to be put to death shall perish. Let no one be killed with only one person speaking testimony against him.

Mt 18:16 - But if he will not listen you, invite with you one or two more, so that every word may stand by the mouth of two or three witnesses.

Dt 17:6 - By the mouth of two or three witnesses, he who is to be put to death shall perish. Let no one be killed with only one person speaking testimony against him.

Jn 8:17 - And it is written in your law that the testimony of two men is true.

2Kor 13:1 - Behold, this is the third time that I am coming to you. By the mouth of two or three witnesses, every word shall stand.

Heb 10:28 - If someone dies for acting against the law of Moses, and is shown no compassion because of two or three witnesses,

Verš 19

they shall render to him just as he intended to do to his brother. And so shall you take away the evil from your midst.

Prís 19:5 - A false witness shall not go unpunished. And whoever speaks lies will not escape.

Verš 21

You shall not take pity on him. Instead, you shall require a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot.”

Ex 21:23 - But if her death will have followed, he will repay a life for a life,

Lv 24:20 - fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, shall he repay. Whatever degree of blemish he has inflicted, so shall he be compelled to suffer.

Mt 5:38 - You have heard that it was said: ‘An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.’

Dt 19,1-3 - Mojžiš doplňuje zákon z Nm 35,9 n. Porov. aj Ex 21,13; Dt 4,41–43 a Joz 20,1 n.

Dt 19,6-12 - Príbuzný toho, ktorého krv sa vyliala, volal sa góél=krvipomstiteľ (Nm 35,19.25.27).

Dt 19,15 - Na dokázanie nejakého zločinu vyžadujú sa aspoň dvaja svedkovia. Toto sa predtým vzťahovalo len na dokazovanie vraždy (17,6; Nm 35,30), teraz sa to rozširuje na všetky zločiny. Zákon odvety v tom čase stále platí!

Dt 19,16-21 - Porov. Ex 23,1–9; Lv 19,15 n. Krivý svedok značí aj falošného žalobcu, aj krivého svedka. Obidvoch trestali podľa zákona odvety (Ex 21,23; Lv 24,20). Takto sa skrivodlivosť trestala už dávno predtým aj v Babylonsku (Codex Hamurapiho § 3 a 4).