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Kniha Deuteronómium

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Dt 15, 1-23

1 “In the seventh year, you shall perform a remission, 2 which shall be celebrated according to this order. Anyone to whom anything is owed, by his friend or neighbor or brother, will not be able to request its return, because it is the year of remission of the Lord. 3 From the sojourner and the new arrival, you may require its return. From your fellow countryman and neighbor, you will not have the power to request its return. 4 And there shall not be anyone indigent or begging among you, so that the Lord your God may bless you in the land which he will deliver to you as a possession. 5 But only if you heed the voice of the Lord your God, and keep to all that he has ordered, that which I am entrusting to you this day, will he bless you, just as he has promised. 6 You shall lend money to many nations, and you yourselves shall borrow in return from no one. You shall rule over very many nations, and no one shall rule over you. 7 If one of your brothers, who dwells within the gates of your city, in the land which the Lord your God will give to you, falls into poverty, you shall not harden your heart, nor tighten your hand. 8 Instead, you shall open your hand to the poor, and you shall lend to him whatever you perceive him to need. 9 Take care, lest perhaps an impious thought might creep within you, and you might say in your heart: ‘The seventh year of remission approaches.’ And so you might turn your eyes away from your poor brother, unwilling to lend to him what he has asked. If so, then he may cry out against you to the Lord, and it will be a sin for you. 10 Instead, you shall give to him. Neither shall you do anything craftily while assisting him in his needs, so that the Lord your God may bless you, at all times and in all things to which you will put your hand. 11 The poor will not be absent from the land of your habitation. For this reason, I instruct you to open your hand to your indigent and poor brother, who lives among you in the land. 12 When your brother, a Hebrew man or a Hebrew woman, has been sold to you, and has served you for six years, in the seventh year you shall set him free. 13 And when you grant his freedom, you shall by no means permit him to go away empty. 14 Instead, you shall give to him, for his journey, from your flocks and threshing floor and winepress, with which the Lord your God has blessed you. 15 Remember that you yourself also served in the land of Egypt, and the Lord your God set you free. And therefore, I now command this of you. 16 But if he will say, ‘I am not willing to depart,’ because he loves you and your household, and because he feels that it would be good for him to stay with you, 17 then you shall take an awl and pierce his ear, at the door of your house. And he shall serve you even forever. You shall also act similarly toward your woman servant. 18 You should not avert your eyes from them when you set them free, because he has served you for six years, in a manner deserving of the pay of a hired hand. So may the Lord your God bless you in all the works that you do. 19 Of the firstborn, those born from your herds and sheep, you shall sanctify to the Lord your God whatever is of the male sex. You shall not put the firstborn of the oxen to work, nor shall you shear the firstborn of the sheep. 20 In the sight of the Lord your God, you shall eat these, each year, in the place which the Lord will choose, you and your household. 21 But if it has a blemish, or is lame, or is blind, or if it is in any part deformed or debilitated, it shall not be immolated to the Lord your God. 22 Instead, you shall eat it within the gates of your city. The clean as well as the unclean alike shall feed on these, such as the roe deer and the stag. 23 This alone shall you observe: that you do not eat their blood, but pour it upon the ground like water.”

Dt 15, 1-23





Verš 1
“In the seventh year, you shall perform a remission,
Ex 21:2 - If you buy a Hebrew servant, six years shall he serve you; in the seventh, he shall depart freely, without charge.
Jer 34:14 - ‘When seven years have been completed, let each one release his brother, a Hebrew, who had been sold to him. And so he will serve you for six years, and then you shall release him to be free from you.’ But your fathers did not listen to me, nor did they incline their ear.

Verš 6
You shall lend money to many nations, and you yourselves shall borrow in return from no one. You shall rule over very many nations, and no one shall rule over you.
Dt 28:12 - The Lord will open his excellent treasury, the heavens, so that it may distribute rain in due time. And he will bless all the works of your hands. And you shall lend to many nations, but you yourself will borrow nothing from anyone.

Verš 10
Instead, you shall give to him. Neither shall you do anything craftily while assisting him in his needs, so that the Lord your God may bless you, at all times and in all things to which you will put your hand.
Mt 5:42 - Whoever asks of you, give to him. And if anyone would borrow from you, do not turn away from him.
Lk 6:35 - So truly, love your enemies. Do good, and lend, hoping for nothing in return. And then your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High, for he himself is kind to the ungrateful and to the wicked.

Verš 11
The poor will not be absent from the land of your habitation. For this reason, I instruct you to open your hand to your indigent and poor brother, who lives among you in the land.
Mt 26:11 - For the poor you will always have with you. But you will not always have me.
Jn 12:8 - For the poor, you have with you always. But me, you do always not have.”

Verš 12
When your brother, a Hebrew man or a Hebrew woman, has been sold to you, and has served you for six years, in the seventh year you shall set him free.
Ex 21:2 - If you buy a Hebrew servant, six years shall he serve you; in the seventh, he shall depart freely, without charge.
Jer 34:14 - ‘When seven years have been completed, let each one release his brother, a Hebrew, who had been sold to him. And so he will serve you for six years, and then you shall release him to be free from you.’ But your fathers did not listen to me, nor did they incline their ear.

Verš 17
then you shall take an awl and pierce his ear, at the door of your house. And he shall serve you even forever. You shall also act similarly toward your woman servant.
Ex 21:6 - then his lord shall make an offering for him to the heavens, and it shall be applied to the door and the posts, and he will pierce his ear with an awl. And he shall be his servant in perpetuity.

Verš 19
Of the firstborn, those born from your herds and sheep, you shall sanctify to the Lord your God whatever is of the male sex. You shall not put the firstborn of the oxen to work, nor shall you shear the firstborn of the sheep.
Ex 13:2 - “Sanctify to me every firstborn which opens the womb among the sons of Israel, as much of men as of cattle. For they are all mine.”
Ex 22:29 - You shall not delay in paying your tithes and your first-fruits. You shall give the firstborn of your sons to me.
Ex 34:19 - All of the male kind, which open the womb, shall be mine: from all the animals, as much of oxen as of sheep, it shall be mine.
Lv 27:26 - The 71 firstborn, which belong to the Lord, no one is able to sanctify or vow, whether it is an ox, or a sheep, they are for the Lord.
Nm 3:13 - For every firstborn is mine. From the time that I struck the firstborn in the land of Egypt, I have sanctified for myself whatever is born first in Israel. From man, even to beast, they are mine. I am the Lord.”

Verš 21
But if it has a blemish, or is lame, or is blind, or if it is in any part deformed or debilitated, it shall not be immolated to the Lord your God.
Lv 22:20 - If it has a blemish, you shall not offer it, and it shall not be acceptable.
Dt 17:1 - “You shall not immolate to the Lord your God a sheep or an ox, in which there is a blemish or any defect at all; for this is an abomination to the Lord your God.

Verš 23
This alone shall you observe: that you do not eat their blood, but pour it upon the ground like water.”
Dt 12:16 - Only the blood you shall not eat. Instead, you shall pour it upon the ground like water.
Dt 12:23 - Only beware of this: you may not eat the blood. For their blood is for the soul. And because of this, you must not eat the soul with the flesh.

Dt 15,1-18 - Porov. Ex 23,10–12; Lv 25,2–7.20–22. V roku úľavy izraelskí veritelia nesmeli vymáhať dlhy, pretože dlžníci siedmeho roka z poľa a viníc nemali nijakú úrodu. Od cudzinca však mohli žiadať a vymáhať dlh, ten nebol viazaný sobotňajším, siedmym rokom.

Dt 15,9 - Porov. Ex 22,23 a Jak 5,4.

Dt 15,12 - Porov. Ex 21,2 n.; Lv 25,39 n.; Jer 34,9 n.

Dt 15,19 - Porov. Ex 13,11–16; 22,30; Nm 18,15–19. Podľa Ex 22,30 prvorodené obetné zvieratá mali sa obetovať ôsmy deň po uliahnutí. V Kanaáne tento zákon bolo ťažko dodržať pre veľkú vzdialenosť od svätostánku, preto sa prvorodené zvieratá privádzali k svätostánku a obetovali do jedného roka. Za ten rok majiteľ nesmel mať z neho nijaký úžitok, zviera patrilo Pánovi.