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Kniha proroka Daniela

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(KJV - Anglický - King James)

Dan 9, 1-27

1 In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, which was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans; 2 In the first year of his reign I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, whereof the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem. 3 And I set my face unto the Lord God, to seek by prayer and supplication, with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes: 4 And I prayed unto the LORD my God, and made my confession, and said, O Lord, the great and dreadful God, keeping the covenant and mercy to them that love him, and to them that keep his commandments; 5 We have sinned, and have committed iniquity, and have done wickedly, and have rebelled, even by departing from thy precepts and from thy judgments: 6 Neither have we hearkened unto thy servants the prophets, which spake in thy name to our kings, our princes, and our fathers, and to all the people of the land. 7 O Lord, righteousness belongeth unto thee, but unto us confusion of faces, as at this day; to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and unto all Israel, that are near, and that are far off, through all the countries whither thou hast driven them, because of their trespass that they have trespassed against thee. 8 O Lord, to us belongeth confusion of face, to our kings, to our princes, and to our fathers, because we have sinned against thee. 9 To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgivenesses, though we have rebelled against him; 10 Neither have we obeyed the voice of the LORD our God, to walk in his laws, which he set before us by his servants the prophets. 11 Yea, all Israel have transgressed thy law, even by departing, that they might not obey thy voice; therefore the curse is poured upon us, and the oath that is written in the law of Moses the servant of God, because we have sinned against him. 12 And he hath confirmed his words, which he spake against us, and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil: for under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem. 13 As it is written in the law of Moses, all this evil is come upon us: yet made we not our prayer before the LORD our God, that we might turn from our iniquities, and understand thy truth. 14 Therefore hath the LORD watched upon the evil, and brought it upon us: for the LORD our God is righteous in all his works which he doeth: for we obeyed not his voice. 15 And now, O Lord our God, that hast brought thy people forth out of the land of Egypt with a mighty hand, and hast gotten thee renown, as at this day; we have sinned, we have done wickedly. 16 O Lord, according to all thy righteousness, I beseech thee, let thine anger and thy fury be turned away from thy city Jerusalem, thy holy mountain: because for our sins, and for the iniquities of our fathers, Jerusalem and thy people are become a reproach to all that are about us. 17 Now therefore, O our God, hear the prayer of thy servant, and his supplications, and cause thy face to shine upon thy sanctuary that is desolate, for the Lord's sake. 18 O my God, incline thine ear, and hear; open thine eyes, and behold our desolations, and the city which is called by thy name: for we do not present our supplications before thee for our righteousnesses, but for thy great mercies. 19 O Lord, hear; O Lord, forgive; O Lord, hearken and do; defer not, for thine own sake, O my God: for thy city and thy people are called by thy name. 20 And whiles I was speaking, and praying, and confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel, and presenting my supplication before the LORD my God for the holy mountain of my God; 21 Yea, whiles I was speaking in prayer, even the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, being caused to fly swiftly, touched me about the time of the evening oblation. 22 And he informed me, and talked with me, and said, O Daniel, I am now come forth to give thee skill and understanding. 23 At the beginning of thy supplications the commandment came forth, and I am come to shew thee; for thou art greatly beloved: therefore understand the matter, and consider the vision. 24 Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy. 25 Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times. 26 And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined. 27 And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate.

Dan 9, 1-27





Verš 4
And I prayed unto the LORD my God, and made my confession, and said, O Lord, the great and dreadful God, keeping the covenant and mercy to them that love him, and to them that keep his commandments;
Dt 7:9 - Know therefore that the LORD thy God, he is God, the faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations;

Verš 5
We have sinned, and have committed iniquity, and have done wickedly, and have rebelled, even by departing from thy precepts and from thy judgments:
Ž 106:6 - We have sinned with our fathers, we have committed iniquity, we have done wickedly.
Iz 64:5 - Thou meetest him that rejoiceth and worketh righteousness, those that remember thee in thy ways: behold, thou art wroth; for we have sinned: in those is continuance, and we shall be saved.

Verš 9
To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgivenesses, though we have rebelled against him;
Ž 130:3 - If thou, LORD, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand?
Ž 130:7 - Let Israel hope in the LORD: for with the LORD there is mercy, and with him is plenteous redemption.
Nár 3:22 - It is of the LORD's mercies that we are not consumed, because his compassions fail not.

Verš 11
Yea, all Israel have transgressed thy law, even by departing, that they might not obey thy voice; therefore the curse is poured upon us, and the oath that is written in the law of Moses the servant of God, because we have sinned against him.
Lv 26:14 - But if ye will not hearken unto me, and will not do all these commandments;
Dt 27:15 - Cursed be the man that maketh any graven or molten image, an abomination unto the LORD, the work of the hands of the craftsman, and putteth it in a secret place. And all the people shall answer and say, Amen.
Dt 28:15 - But it shall come to pass, if thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe to do all his commandments and his statutes which I command thee this day; that all these curses shall come upon thee, and overtake thee:
Dt 29:20 - The LORD will not spare him, but then the anger of the LORD and his jealousy shall smoke against that man, and all the curses that are written in this book shall lie upon him, and the LORD shall blot out his name from under heaven.
Dt 30:17 - But if thine heart turn away, so that thou wilt not hear, but shalt be drawn away, and worship other gods, and serve them;
Dt 31:17 - Then my anger shall be kindled against them in that day, and I will forsake them, and I will hide my face from them, and they shall be devoured, and many evils and troubles shall befall them; so that they will say in that day. Are not these evils come upon us, because our God is not among us?
Dt 32:19 - And when the LORD saw it, he abhorred them, because of the provoking of his sons, and of his daughters.
Nár 2:17 - The LORD hath done that which he had devised; he hath fulfilled his word that he had commanded in the days of old: he hath thrown down, and hath not pitied: and he hath caused thine enemy to rejoice over thee, he hath set up the horn of thine adversaries.

Verš 15
And now, O Lord our God, that hast brought thy people forth out of the land of Egypt with a mighty hand, and hast gotten thee renown, as at this day; we have sinned, we have done wickedly.
Ž 105:7 - He is the LORD our God: his judgments are in all the earth.
Ž 106:47 - Save us, O LORD our God, and gather us from among the heathen, to give thanks unto thy holy name, and to triumph in thy praise.
Ex 32:11 - And Moses besought the LORD his God, and said, LORD, why doth thy wrath wax hot against thy people, which thou hast brought forth out of the land of Egypt with great power, and with a mighty hand?

Verš 27
And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate.
Mt 24:15 - When ye therefore shall see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, stand in the holy place, (whoso readeth, let him understand:)
Mk 13:14 - But when ye shall see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing where it ought not, (let him that readeth understand,) then let them that be in Judaea flee to the mountains:
Lk 21:20 - And when ye shall see Jerusalem compassed with armies, then know that the desolation thereof is nigh.

Dan 9,1 - O Dáriovi Médskom pozri pozn. k 6,1.

Dan 9,2 - Pozri Jer 25,9–11; 29,10.

Dan 9,3 - O vrecovine pozri pozn. k Iz 3,24.

Dan 9,11 - "Kliatba a prísaha" znamená kliatbu, potvrdenú prísahou; pozri Dt 29,18–20; 28,15 n.; 32,40–42.

Dan 9,14 - O podobnom bedlení pozri Jer 1,12; 31,28; 44,27.

Dan 9,21 - Pozri 8,16.

Dan 9,23 - Zmysel: Hneď ako si sa začal modliť, dal mi Boh rozkaz, aby som ťa šiel poučiť. Daniel bol Boží miláčik.

Dan 9,24 - Výklad proroctva veršov 24–27 je veľmi ťažký a vedci sa v mnohých veciach rozchádzajú. Podáme výklad, ktorý sa nám vidí najpravdepodobnejší. – Proroctvo je nesporne mesiášske. Týždne, ktoré sa tu spomínajú, sú ročné týždne: jeden týždeň je sedem rokov (porov. Lv 25,2.4; 26,34.43; najmä však Lv 25,8). Odkedy treba rátať týchto 70 ročných týždňov, to jest 490 rokov, povie až v nasledujúcom verši. Na konci tejto doby sa sľubujú dobrá mesiášske: odstráni a uzmieri sa hriech, príde spravodlivosť, spečatia sa proroctvá, čiže prestane starozákonný prorocký úrad (pozri Mt 11,13; Lk 16,16). "Svätý svätých" je sám Mesiáš. Už meno Mesiáš znamená Pomazaný. A sám Kristus vykladá o sebe (Lk 4,18) slová Izaiáša (61,1): "Duch Pána, Jahveho, je na mne, pretože ma Pán pomazal." Bol pomazaný Duchom Svätým (Sk 10,38; porov. Iz 11,2–3), ktorý viditeľne zostúpil na neho pri krste (Mt 3,16).– I z katolíkov však niektorí miesto "Svätý svätých" čítajú "svätyňa svätých". Tento novovysvätený chrám je Kristova Cirkev, ktorú už prorok Ezechiel volá veľsvätyňou (Ez 45,3).

Dan 9,25 - O návrate Izraelitov zo zajatia vydali perzskí králi viac dekrétov: 1) Kýrov v r. 538 pr. Kr., 2) Dárius I. r. 520, 3) Artaxerxes I. v siedmom roku (458) a ten istý kráľ v dvadsiatom roku svojho panovania (445). Stavbu hradieb Jeruzalema povoľuje výslovne len tento posledný dekrét, ale Artaxerxes povolil túto stavbu zaiste už svojím prvším dekrétom z r. 458 pr. Kr. Od tohto roku treba najpravdepodobnejšie rátať ročné týždne Danielove. Doba 70 týždňov sa v tomto verši delí na tri obdobia: 7+62+1=70. Na každé z týchto období sa predpovedajú určité udalosti. V prvých siedmich týždňoch sa postavia ulice a múry Jeruzalema. Stavba sa prevádzala naozaj v úzkostlivých časoch, lebo nepriatelia Izraelitov jednostaj rušili stavebné práce; pozri Ezd 4,12–16; Neh 1,3; 4,1 n.; 6,1 n.

Dan 9,26 - Po uplynutí ďalších 62 týždňov zabijú Mesiáša, Pomazaného. Keď od r. 458 pr. Kr. (pozri pozn. k predošlému veršu) počítame 7+62 roč. týždňov, to jest 483 rokov, dostaneme rok 26 po Kr. Toto je asi rok Kristovho krstu. Po tomto roku zomrel Spasiteľ: čas jeho smrti je určený presnejšie v 27. verši. Slovo v zátvorke je doplnené kvôli zmyslu, lebo pôvodný text je porušený. Iní dopĺňajú "nástupcu". – Izrael tým, že zabije Mesiáša, zaviní záhubu Jeruzalema i jeruzalemského chrámu. Toto spustošenie spôsobí vojna. Splnilo sa to vtedy, keď Rimania zničili mesto i chrám.

Dan 9,27 - V poslednom, sedemdesiatom týždni potvrdí Mesiáš zmluvu už nie s jedným národom, ako bola starozákonná zmluva, ale s mnohými. Mesiášsku spásu volajú proroci často zmluvou, novou zmluvou (Oz 2,18 n.; Jer 31,31 n.; Iz 49,8 atď.). Túto zmluvu potvrdil Spasiteľ pri poslednej večeri vlastnou krvou, ktorú nazval krvou novej zmluvy: Mt 26,28; Mk 14,24; Lk 22,20; 1 Kor 11,25. – Potvrdením novej zmluvy prestane platnosť starej zmluvy, preto prestanú starozákonné obety. Toto všetko sa stane v polovici posledného ročného týždňa, ktorý, ako sme v predošlej poznámke videli, začína sa v 26. r. po Kr. Polovica tohto roč. týždňa je asi rok 30, ktorý je podľa mnohých učencov rokom Kristovej smrti. – Sám Kristus povedal (Mt 24,15), že podľa Danielovho proroctva čaká ešte na jeruzalemský chrám ohavné spustošenie. Stalo sa to pri obliehaní mesta rímskym vojskom. Jozef Flávius píše, že sa vtedy židovskí horlivci (Zeloti) zmocnili chrámu, tam schovali svoju korisť, ktorú nakradli, urobili z chrámu hrad a podľa spomenutého židovského dejepisca pričinili sa sami, že sa splnilo proroctvo proti ich chrámu. (O židovskej vojne IV, 3 a IV, 6,3) Spustošenie chrámu trvá do konca; a skutočne – jeruzalemský chrám nikdy viac nebol postavený.