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Kniha Exodus

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Ex 3, 1-22

1 Now Moses was pasturing the sheep of his father-in-law Jethro, a priest of Midian. And when he had driven the flock into the interior of the desert, he came to the mountain of God, Horeb. 2 And the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire from the midst of a bush. And he saw that the bush was burning and was not burnt. 3 Therefore, Moses said, “I will go and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt.” 4 Then the Lord, discerning that he proceeded on to see it, called to him from the midst of the bush, and he said, “Moses, Moses.” And he responded, “Here I am.” 5 And he said: “Lest you should approach here, remove the shoes from your feet. For the place on which you stand is holy ground.” 6 And he said, “I am the God of your father: the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Moses hid his face, for he dared not look directly at God. 7 And the Lord said to him: “I have seen the affliction of my people in Egypt, and I have heard their outcry because of the harshness of those who are over the works. 8 And knowing their sorrow, I have descended in order to free them from the hands of the Egyptians, and to lead them from that land into a good and spacious land, into a land which flows with milk and honey, to the places of the Canaanite, and Hittite, and Amorite, and Perizzite, and Hivite, and Jebusite. 9 And so, the outcry of the sons of Israel has come to me. And I have seen their affliction, with which they are oppressed by the Egyptians. 10 But come, and I will send you to Pharaoh, so that you may lead my people, the sons of Israel, out of Egypt.” 11 And Moses said to God, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh and that I should lead the sons of Israel out of Egypt?” 12 And he said to him: “I will be with you. And you 32 will have this as a sign that I have sent you: When you will have brought my people out of Egypt, you will offer sacrifice to God upon this mountain.” 13 Moses said to God: “Behold, I will go to the sons of Israel, and I will say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you.’ If they say to me, ‘What is his name?’ What shall I say to them?” 14 God said to Moses, “I AM WHO AM.” He said: “Thus shall you say to the sons of Israel: ‘HE WHO IS has sent me to you.’ ” 15 And God said again to Moses: “Thus shall you say to the sons of Israel: ‘The Lord God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you.’ This is the name for me in eternity, and this is my memorial from generation to generation. 16 Go and gather together the elders of Israel, and you shall say to them: ‘The Lord God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to me, saying: When visiting, I have visited you, and I have seen all that has befallen you in Egypt. 17 And I have spoken in order to lead you out of the affliction of Egypt, into the land of the Canaanite, and Hittite, and Amorite, and Perizzite, and Hivite, and Jebusite, into a land flowing with milk and honey.’ 18 And they shall hear your voice. And you shall enter, you and the elders of Israel, to the king of Egypt, and you shall say to him: ‘The Lord God of the Hebrews has called us. We shall go three days’ journey into the wilderness, in order to offer sacrifice to the Lord our God.’ 19 But I know that the king of Egypt will not release you, unless you go out by a powerful hand. 20 For I will extend my hand, and I will strike Egypt with all my wonders that I will do in the midst of them. After these things, he will release you. 21 And I will grant favor to this people in the sight of the Egyptians. And so, when you go forth, you shall not go out empty. 22 But every woman shall ask of her neighbor and of her hostess vessels of silver and of gold, as well as garments. And you shall set them upon your sons and daughters, and you shall despoil Egypt.”

Ex 3, 1-22





Verš 5
And he said: “Lest you should approach here, remove the shoes from your feet. For the place on which you stand is holy ground.”
Joz 5:15 - Joshua fell prone on the ground. And reverencing, he said, “What does my lord say to his servant?”

Verš 6
And he said, “I am the God of your father: the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Moses hid his face, for he dared not look directly at God.
Mt 22:32 - ‘I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?’ He is not the God of the dead, but of the living.”
Mk 12:26 - But concerning the dead who rise again, have you not read in the book of Moses, how God spoke to him from the bush, saying: ‘I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?’
Lk 20:37 - For in truth, the dead do rise again, as Moses also showed beside the bush, when he called the Lord: ‘The God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’
Sk 7:32 - ‘I am the God of your fathers: the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ And Moses, being made to tremble, did not dare to look.

Verš 7
And the Lord said to him: “I have seen the affliction of my people in Egypt, and I have heard their outcry because of the harshness of those who are over the works.
Sk 7:34 - Certainly, I have seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning. And so, I am coming down to free them. And now, go forth and I will send you into Egypt.’

Verš 10
But come, and I will send you to Pharaoh, so that you may lead my people, the sons of Israel, out of Egypt.”
Ž 105:26 - And he lifted up his hand over them, in order to prostrate them in the desert,
Oz 12:13 - Yet by a prophet the Lord led Israel out of Egypt, and he was served by a prophet.
Mi 6:4 - For I led you out of the land of Egypt, and I freed you from the house of servitude, and I sent before your face Moses, and Aaron, and Miriam.
Sk 7:35 - This Moses, whom they rejected by saying, ‘Who has appointed you as leader and judge?’ is the one God sent to be leader and redeemer, by the hand of the Angel who appeared to him in the bush.

Verš 12
And he said to him: “I will be with you. And you 32 will have this as a sign that I have sent you: When you will have brought my people out of Egypt, you will offer sacrifice to God upon this mountain.”
Joz 1:5 - No one will be able to resist you during all the days of your life. Just as I was with Moses, so will I be with you. I will not leave you, nor will I forsake you.

Verš 22
But every woman shall ask of her neighbor and of her hostess vessels of silver and of gold, as well as garments. And you shall set them upon your sons and daughters, and you shall despoil Egypt.”
Ex 11:2 - Therefore, you will tell all the people to ask, a man of his friend, and a woman of her neighbor, for vessels of silver and of gold.
Ex 12:35 - And the sons of Israel did just as Moses had instructed. And they petitioned the Egyptians for vessels of silver and of gold, and very many garments.
Ez 39:10 - And they will not carry wood from the countryside, and they will not cut from the forests. For they will kindle the weapons with fire. And they will prey upon those who had preyed upon them, and they will plunder those who had plundered them, says the Lord God.

Ex 3,2 - "Boží anjel" – sám Boh v podobe, v akej sa zjavuje ľuďom (porov. Gn 16,7).

Ex 3,6 - Starozákonní ľudia boli presvedčení, že nemožno vidieť Boha bez toho, že by človek nezomrel (Gn 28,17; 32,31), preto si Mojžiš zakrýva tvár.

Ex 3,8 - "Krajina, ktorá oplýva alebo tečie mliekom a medom", častý prívlastok zasľúbenej zeme v Pentateuchu.

Ex 3,10-12 - Mojžiš pred štyridsiatimi rokmi zastal sa súkmeňovca, teraz je však pokornejší a necíti sa schopným na poslanie, ktoré určuje Boh. Lež Boh mu prisľubuje svoju pomoc a ako záruku, že svoju úlohu vykoná, prisľubuje mu, že na vrchu Horeb, čiže Sinaj, budú Izraeliti uctievať Boha (v latinskom texte ,obetovať').

Ex 3,13 - Mojžiš poznal pravého Boha, poznal i jeho meno El-Mocný, opytuje sa však na meno asi preto, lebo žil predtým aj sám v Egypte a má prísť k ľudu, čo v Egypte pozná mnoho egyptských bohov. Aj faraón sa bude vypytovať na meno Boha, ktorý Mojžišovi zveril úlohu vyslobodiť Izraelitov z Egyptskej krajiny. Meno Boh je všeobecné, najmä keď myslíme, že v Egypte uctievali všelijakých bohov, bolo teda treba vedieť meno Izraelitom vlastného Boha, a to také, ktoré vystihuje jeho podstatu, najvlastnejší prívlastok. Podľa predstavy tamojších ľudí každá krajina a národ má svojho vlastného boha. Mojžiš sa pýta na meno Boha, ktorý sa ujíma Izraela.Boh vypočúva Mojžišovu prosbu a oznámi mu svoje meno. Toto rozprávanie, jedno z najpodstatnejších v Starom zákone, stavia nás pred dva problémy: prvý – filologický, ktorý sa týka etymológie mena "Jahve", a druhý – exegeticko-teologický, čiže problém zmyslu tohto rozprávania a významu zjavenia, ktoré obsahuje. Vysvetlenie Božieho mena Jahve je problém, ktorý sa dodnes nepodarilo uspokojivo vyriešiť. Najprijateľnejšia mienka hovorí, že tu treba vidieť hebrejské sloveso "hayah" (byť, jestvovať) v archaickej forme. Niektorí bádatelia v ňom vidia príčinnú formu tohto slovesa "dať bytie, priviesť k jestvovaniu". – Pod spoluhláskový tetragram YHWH židovskí masoreti neskôr dopísali samohlásky iného Božieho mena "Adonaj", aby čitateľa upozornili, že tam, kde je Jahve, má z úcty k Božiemu menu čítať Adonaj, čo prekladáme do slovenčiny "Pán". Meno Jehova, ktoré vzniká spojením tetragramu s masoretskými samohláskovými znakmi, teda vôbec neexistuje a nemá svoj tvar ničím odôvodnený. – Interpretáciu Božieho mena Jahve podáva v. 14. Aj tu sa diskutuje o zmysle toho "ehjeh ašer ehjeh". Keď Boh hovorí sám o sebe, nemôže použiť inú ako prvú osobu "Ja Som, ktorý Som". Boh tu teda dáva svoje meno, ktoré možno podľa semitských koncepcií istým spôsobom definovať. Táto definícia zohľadňuje aj gramatickú skladbu hebrejského slovesa "hayah", ktoré nevyjadruje čas, ale iba modalitu činnosti, to znamená spôsob, akým niečo jestvuje. V tomto zmysle Boží výrok o sebe: "Ja Som, ktorý Som," znamená vo svojej plnej hodnote stálu, aktívnu a dynamickú Božiu prítomnosť v dejinách vyvoleného národa. Iba Boh je skutočnou existenciou, ktorá je transcendentná, presahuje čas a zostáva pre nás tajomstvom. Silu tohto pôsobenia objavujú neskôr aj Ježišovi súčasníci, ku ktorým sa on sám prihovára: "Ja Som" (Jn 8,24) a Jánova Apokalypsa toto zjavenie Boha v dejinách opisuje slovami: "Ja som Alfa a Omega, hovorí Pán Boh, ktorý je, ktorý bol a ktorý príde, Všemohúci" (1,8).

Ex 3,14 - Meno Jahve poznali Hebreji bezpochyby ešte pred Mojžišom, veď nachodíme ho už aj v mene Mojžišovej matky Jochabed ,Jahve je sláva'. Meno YHWH vyskytuje sa aj na tabuľkách z časov Hamurapiho.

Ex 3,16 - "Starší" vo význame poprední, teda kniežatá kmeňov a náčelníci rodov atď.