2. kniha kráľov

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

2Kr 17, 1-41

1 In the twelfth year of Ahaz, the king of Judah: Hoshea, the son of Elah, reigned over Israel, in Samaria, for nine years. 2 And he did evil before the Lord, but not like the kings of Israel who had been before him. 3 Shalmaneser, the king of the Assyrians, ascended against him. And Hoshea became a servant to him, and he paid him tribute. 4 And when the king of the Assyrians discovered that Hoshea, striving to rebel, had sent messengers to Sais, to the king of Egypt, so as not to present the tribute to the king of the Assyrians, as he had been accustomed to do each year, he besieged him. And having been bound, he cast him into prison. 5 And he wandered through the entire land. And ascending to Samaria, he besieged it for three years. 6 And in the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of the Assyrians captured Samaria, and he carried away Israel to Assyria. And he stationed them in Halah and in Habor, beside the river of Gozan, in the cities of the Medes. 7 For it happened that, when the sons of Israel had sinned against the Lord, their God, who had led them away from the land of Egypt, from the hand of Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, they worshipped strange gods. 8 And they walked according to the rituals of the nations that the Lord had consumed in the sight of the sons of Israel, and of the kings of Israel. For they had acted similarly. 9 And the sons of Israel offended the Lord, their God, with deeds that were not upright. And they built for themselves high places in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fortified city. 10 And they made for themselves statues and sacred groves, on every high hill and under every leafy tree. 11 And they were burning incense there, upon altars, in the manner of the nations that the Lord had removed from their face. And they did wicked deeds, provoking the Lord. 12 And they worshipped impurities, concerning which the Lord instructed them that they should not do this word. 13 And the Lord testified to them, in Israel and in Judah, through the hand of all the prophets and seers, saying: “Return from your wicked ways, and keep my precepts and ceremonies, in accord with the entire law, which I instructed to your fathers, and just as I sent to you by the hand of my servants, the prophets.” 14 But they did not listen. Instead, they hardened their necks to be like the neck of their fathers, who were not willing to obey the Lord, their God. 15 And they cast aside his ordinances, and the covenant that he formed with their fathers, and the testimonies which he testified to them. And they pursued vanities and acted vainly. And they followed the nations that were all around them, concerning the things which the Lord had commanded them not to do, and which they did. 16 And they abandoned all the precepts of the Lord, their God. And they made for themselves two molten calves and sacred groves. And they adored the entire celestial army. And they served Baal. 17 And they consecrated their sons and their daughters through fire. And they devoted themselves to divinations and soothsaying. And they delivered themselves into the doing of evil before the Lord, so that they provoked him. 18 And the Lord became vehemently angry with Israel, and he took them away from his sight. And there remained no one, except the tribe of Judah alone. 19 But even Judah did not keep the commandments of the Lord, their God. Instead, they walked in the errors of Israel, which they had wrought. 20 And the Lord cast aside all of the offspring of Israel. And he afflicted them, and he delivered them into the hand of despoilers, until he drove them away from his face, 21 even from that time when Israel was torn away from the house of David, and they appointed for themselves Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, as king. For Jeroboam separated Israel from the Lord, and he caused them to sin a great sin. 22 And the sons of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam, which he had done. And they did not withdraw from these, 23 even when the Lord carried away Israel from his face, just as he had said by the hand of all his servants, the prophets. And Israel was carried away from their land into Assyria, even to this day. 24 Then the king of the Assyrians brought some from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Avva, and from Hamath, and from Sepharvaim. And he located them in the cities of Samaria, in place of the sons of Israel. And they possessed Samaria, and they lived in its cities. 25 And when they had begun to live there, they did not fear the Lord. And the Lord sent lions among them, which were 214 killing them. 26 And this was reported to the king of the Assyrians, and it was said: “The peoples that you transferred and caused to live in the cities of Samaria, they are ignorant of the ordinances of the God of the land. And so the Lord has sent lions among them. And behold, they have killed them, because they were ignorant of the rituals of the God of the land.” 27 Then the king of the Assyrians commanded, saying: “Lead to that place one of the priests, whom you brought as a captive from there. And let him go and live with them. And let him teach them the ordinances of the God of the land.” 28 And so, when one of the priests, who had been led away captive from Samaria, had arrived, he lived in Bethel. And he taught them how they should worship the Lord. 29 And each of the nations made gods of their own, and they placed them in the shrines of the high places, which the Samaritans had made: nation after nation, in their cities in which they were living. 30 So the men of Babylon made Soccoth-benoth; and the men of Cuth made Nergal; and the men of Hamath made Ashima; 31 and the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak. Then those who were from Sepharvaim burned up their children with fire, for the gods of Sepharvaim: Adram-melech and Anam-melech. 32 But nevertheless, they worshipped the Lord. Then they made for themselves, from the least of the people, priests of the high places. And they placed them in the shrines of the high places. 33 And though they worshipped the Lord, they also served their own gods, according to the custom of the nations from which they had been transferred into Samaria. 34 Even to the present day, they follow the ancient customs; they do not fear the Lord, and they do not keep his ceremonies, and judgments, and law, and commandment, which the Lord had instructed to the sons of Jacob, whom he named Israel. 35 And he had struck a covenant with them, and he had commanded them, saying: “You shall not fear foreign gods, and you shall not adore them, and you shall not worship them, and you shall not sacrifice to them. 36 But the Lord, your God, who led you away from the land of Egypt, with great strength and with an outstretched arm, him shall you fear, and him shall you adore, and to him shall you sacrifice. 37 Also, the ceremonies, and judgments, and law, and commandment, which he wrote for you, you shall keep so that you do them for all days. And you shall not fear strange gods. 38 And the covenant, which he struck with you, you shall not forget; neither shall you worship strange gods. 39 But you shall fear the Lord, your God. And he will rescue you from the hand of all your enemies.” 40 Yet truly, they did not listen to this. Instead, they acted in accord with their earlier custom. 41 And such were these nations: to some extent fearing the Lord, yet nevertheless also serving their idols. As for their sons and grandsons, just as their fathers acted, so also did they act, even to the present day.

Verš 32

But nevertheless, they worshipped the Lord. Then they made for themselves, from the least of the people, priests of the high places. And they placed them in the shrines of the high places.

1Kr 12:31 - And he made shrines on the high places, and he made priests out of the lowest people, who were not of the sons of Levi.

Verš 33

And though they worshipped the Lord, they also served their own gods, according to the custom of the nations from which they had been transferred into Samaria.

Sof 1:5 - and those who adore the military campaign over the ceiling of the sky, both those who adore and swear by the Lord, and those who swear by Melchom,

Verš 34

Even to the present day, they follow the ancient customs; they do not fear the Lord, and they do not keep his ceremonies, and judgments, and law, and commandment, which the Lord had instructed to the sons of Jacob, whom he named Israel.

Gn 32:28 - But he said, “Your name will not be called Jacob, but Israel; for if you have been strong against God, how much more will you prevail against men?”

Gn 35:10 - saying: “You will no longer be called Jacob, for your name shall be Israel.” And he called him Israel,

1Kr 18:31 - And he took twelve stones, in accord with the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, to whom the word of the Lord came, saying, “Israel shall be your name.”

Verš 35

And he had struck a covenant with them, and he had commanded them, saying: “You shall not fear foreign gods, and you shall not adore them, and you shall not worship them, and you shall not sacrifice to them.

Sdc 6:10 - And I said: I am the Lord your God. You shall not fear the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you live. But you were not willing to listen to my voice.’ ”

Verš 5

And he wandered through the entire land. And ascending to Samaria, he besieged it for three years.

2Kr 18:9 - In the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea, the son of Elah, the king of Israel: Shalmaneser, the king of the Assyrians, ascended to Samaria, and he fought against it,

Verš 6

And in the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of the Assyrians captured Samaria, and he carried away Israel to Assyria. And he stationed them in Halah and in Habor, beside the river of Gozan, in the cities of the Medes.

2Kr 18:10 - and he seized it. For after three years, in the sixth year of Hezekiah, that is, in the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Israel, Samaria was captured.

Iz 8:4 - For before the boy knows how to call to his father and his mother, the strength of Damascus and the spoils of Samaria will be taken away, in the sight of the king of the Assyrians.”

Verš 8

And they walked according to the rituals of the nations that the Lord had consumed in the sight of the sons of Israel, and of the kings of Israel. For they had acted similarly.

Lv 18:3 - You shall not act according to the custom of the land of Egypt, in which you have lived; nor shall you behave according to the habit of the region of Canaan, into which I will lead you; neither shall you walk in their ordinances.

Verš 12

And they worshipped impurities, concerning which the Lord instructed them that they should not do this word.

Ex 20:3 - You shall not have strange gods before me.

Dt 5:7 - You shall not have strange gods in my sight.

Verš 13

And the Lord testified to them, in Israel and in Judah, through the hand of all the prophets and seers, saying: “Return from your wicked ways, and keep my precepts and ceremonies, in accord with the entire law, which I instructed to your fathers, and just as I sent to you by the hand of my servants, the prophets.”

Jer 18:11 - Now, therefore, speak to the men of Judah and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying: Thus says the Lord: Behold, I am forming an evil against you, and I am considering a plan against you. Let each one of you return from his evil way, and direct your ways and your intentions well.”

Jer 25:5 - when he said: Return, each one from his evil way, and from your wicked thoughts. And you shall dwell in the land, which the Lord has given to you and to your fathers, from ancient times and even forever.

Jer 35:15 - And I have sent to you all my servants, the prophets, rising at first light, and sending, and saying: ‘Convert, each one from his wicked way, and make your intentions good. And do not choose to follow strange gods, nor shall you worship them. And then you shall live in the land which I gave to you and to your fathers.’ And yet you have not inclined your ear, and you have not heeded me.

Verš 14

But they did not listen. Instead, they hardened their necks to be like the neck of their fathers, who were not willing to obey the Lord, their God.

Dt 31:27 - For I know your contentiousness and your very stiff neck. Even while I am still living and entering with you, you have always acted with contention against the Lord. How much more so when I will be dead?

Mal 3:7 - For, from the days of your fathers, you have withdrawn from my ordinances and have not kept them. Return to me, and I will return to you, says the Lord of hosts. And you have said, “In what way, shall we return?”

Verš 16

And they abandoned all the precepts of the Lord, their God. And they made for themselves two molten calves and sacred groves. And they adored the entire celestial army. And they served Baal.

Ex 32:8 - They have quickly withdrawn from the way which you revealed to them. And they have made for themselves a molten calf, and they have worshiped it. And immolating victims to it, they have said: ‘These are your gods, O Israel, who led you away from the land of Egypt.’ ”

1Kr 12:28 - And devising a plan, he made two golden calves. And he said to them: “No longer choose to ascend to Jerusalem. Behold, these are your gods, O Israel, who led you away from the land of Egypt!”

Verš 17

And they consecrated their sons and their daughters through fire. And they devoted themselves to divinations and soothsaying. And they delivered themselves into the doing of evil before the Lord, so that they provoked him.

Lv 20:3 - And I will set my face against him. And I will cut him down from the midst of his people, because he has given from his seed to Moloch, and he has contaminated my Sanctuary, and polluted my holy name.

Dt 18:10 - Do not let there be found among you one who would purify his son or daughter by leading them through fire, nor one who consults seers, nor one who observes dreams or omens. Do not let there be found among you one who practices the occult,

2Kr 16:3 - Instead, he walked in the way of the kings of Israel. Moreover, he even consecrated his son, making him pass through fire, in accord with the idols of the nations that the Lord destroyed before the sons of Israel.

Verš 18

And the Lord became vehemently angry with Israel, and he took them away from his sight. And there remained no one, except the tribe of Judah alone.

Oz 1:6 - And after a while, she conceived and bore a daughter. And he said to him: “Call her name, Without Mercy, for I will no longer have mercy on the house of Israel, but I will utterly forget them.

Verš 19

But even Judah did not keep the commandments of the Lord, their God. Instead, they walked in the errors of Israel, which they had wrought.

Verš 21

even from that time when Israel was torn away from the house of David, and they appointed for themselves Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, as king. For Jeroboam separated Israel from the Lord, and he caused them to sin a great sin.

1Kr 12:16 - And so the people, seeing that the king had not been willing to listen to them, responded to him, saying: “What part do we have in David? Or what inheritance do we have in the son of Jesse? Go to your own tents, O Israel. Now David, see to your own house.” And Israel went away to their own tents.

1Kr 12:26 - And Jeroboam said in his heart: “Now the kingdom will return to the house of David,

2Kr 17,4 - Salmanassar V. panoval v r. 727–722 pr. Kr. – Egyptského kráľa Su stotožňujú s faraónom Sabakonom. Tento však panoval len o 30 rokov neskoršie. Preto iní myslia, že Su bol nejaké egyptské knieža. – Mimobiblické pramene poznajú akéhosi tartana (vojvodcu, teda nie kráľa!) v krajine Musri, ktorý mal podobné meno, volal sa Sibu. Preto sa mnohí dnes domnievajú, že tu spomínaný Su je totožný s týmto Sibum; nie je teda kráľom Egypta (hebr. Misraim), ale vojvodcom severoarabskej krajiny Musri.

2Kr 17,6 - Pád Samárie spadá do roku, v ktorom zomrel Salmanassar (722). Z nápisov jeho nástupcu Sargona II. (722–705) však vieme, že Samáriu dobyl až tento kráľ. Asýrsky kráľ, ktorý sa v tomto verši spomína, už nie je Salmanassar V., ale Sargon II. – Hala bol akýsi kraj v Mezopotámii. Mimobiblické pramene ho volajú Halahhu. Rieka Habor ústí do Eufratu pri Karkemiši. Pri tejto rieke ležala krajina Gozan. Podnes je tam miesto, ktoré sa volá Kaušan.

2Kr 17,9 - Z veží strážili stáda (Gn 35,21) a vinice (Iz 5,2). Okolo nich sa tvorili malé osady. Celý výraz rozumej: "od najmenšej osady až po najväčšie mestá".

2Kr 17,16 - Pozri 1 Kr 14,24; 15,12; 22,47. – "Nebeské vojsko" sú nebeské telesá. Izraelitom sa tu prvý raz vyčituje, že sa klaňali hviezdam.

2Kr 17,17 - Pozri pozn. k 16,3.

2Kr 17,23 - Až po dnešný deň – porov. pozn. 14,7.

2Kr 17,24 - Kuta bolo mesto boha Nergala. Ležalo asi tam, kde je dnešný Tel Ibrahim, severovýchodne od Babylonu. Neskoršie volali Židia Samaritánov Kutejcami (Jozef Flávius, Starožitnosti 13, 9,1), z čoho možno usudzovať, že títo tvorili väčšinu medzi novoosadníkmi bývalej severnej ríše. – Avu sa doteraz nepodarilo zistiť. Myslia na sýrske mesto, ktoré sa na amarnských tabuľkách volá "Ammia" a bolo na východ od Antiochie. – O Emate pozri 1 Kr 8,65. – Sefarvaim je buď Sipar (Sippar) severne od Babylonu, na ľavom brehu Eufratu (kde je dnes Abu Chabba), alebo niektoré sýrske mesto, azda mesto, ktoré klinopisné pamiatky volajú Šipri. Toto posledné je pravdepodobnejšie, pretože vo vv. 18,34 a 19,13 sa Sefarvaim spomína medzi sýrskymi mestami.

2Kr 17,30 - Sochotbenot je asi bohyňa, ktorú Babylonci volali Serbanitu a pokladali ju za manželku svojho hlavného boha Marduka. – Boh podsvetia Nergal bol miestnym bohom mesta Kuta. Ďalšie tu spomínané mená božstiev sú nám ináč neznáme. V menách oboch bohov Sefarvaimu sa skrýva asi Moloch, ktorému k úcte tiež pálili dietky (porov. pozn. k 16,3).